micro pracs Flashcards
(39 cards)
shape of H influenzae type b
cocobacilli
treatment of H influenzae b
cefotaxime steroids
prevention of h influenzae type b
conjugate vaccine
what do neisseria meningitidis grp b look like
GN diplococci
small white colonies
what is characteristic clinical sign of meningococcal type b
fine petechial rash
what do strep pneumoniae look like
GP diplococci
alpha haemolysis
treatment for strep pneumoniae
vancomycin (lots are pen resistant)
what does grp B strep look like on gram stain and plate
GPC in chains
beta haemolysis
is it significant if we find virus in blood or another sample if testing for meningitis
not necessarily - can carry viruses with us asymptomatically
name of fungi that can cause meningitis
cryptococcus neoformans
clinical findings on fungal menintitis
raised protein
low glucose
high lymphocytes
anergy
when lymphocyte not fully stimulated, becomes unresponsive - switches off autoreactive T cells
ignorance
lymphocyte never encounters antigen even if has self-reactive R
regulation
Tregs - can suppress activity of CD4 adn CD8
epitope spreading
complex antigen encountered
at least 3 epitopes that B cells can bind
B cells specific to different epitopes, but through processing end up presenting same antigen on MHC
so one T cell can drive 3 different B cells
so might need only one autoreactive T cell to drive different autoreactive B cells
what is ASCOT
anti-streptolysin O test - to see if previously exposed to strep pyogenes
coeliac have abs against
transglutaminase and deamidated gliadin
what disease has eg of epitope spreading
coeliac autoreactive B cell with specificity to TTG will take up whole complex of TTG adn gliadin presents gliadin (Bc peptide) and activates T cell T cell then drives B cell response to TTG and gliadin
what is CIN
selective media for yersinia
yersinia gram stain
GPR
are salmonella and shigella lactose fermenting?
no
is e coli lactose fermenting
yes
what is CAMP for
campylobacter
what is selenite broth for
salmonella
