Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

exam revision > phys > Flashcards

phys Flashcards

(63 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

proportion of plasma filtered

A

20%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

which arteriole does Ang II constrict

A

efferent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

two parts of autoregulation

A

myogenic response

tubuloglomerular feedback

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

actions of ang II

A

constrict efferent arteriole

Na reabsorption prox tubule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

actions of aldosterone

A

Na reabsorption collecting duct - Na/K ATPase and Na channels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

symp actions in kidney

A

constricts afferent arteriole ( bad) so stimulates juxtaglomerular cells to secrete renin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

atrial natriuretic peptide actions

A

dilates afferent arteriole
decreases Na reabsorption in collecting duct
inhibits secretion of renin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what are granular cells

A

juxtaglomerular cells - renin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

reabsorption in kidney tubules

A

Na/K sets up gradient - Na into cells
anions follow electrochemical gradient
water moves by osmosis
rest of solutes follow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

SGLUT

A

Na/glucose transporter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

stimulators of renin release

A

decreased BP at afferent arteriole
decreased Na delivery to macula densa
symp

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

vasopressin release due to

A

normally increase in osmolarity

ECF volume if <15% normal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

medullary concentration gradient mostly due to

A

Na and urea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

compensations for resp acidosis

A

kidney - reabsorb bicarb and secrete H

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

compensations for metabolic aklalosis (vom)

A

kidney - secrete bicarb

lungs - decrease resp drive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

bicarb reabsorption and acid secretion

A

Na/H symporter secretes H into lumen (proportional to blood CO2)
H combine with HCO3- in lumen, converted to CO2 and H2O by carbonic anhydrase on luminal cell surface
CO2 and H2O diffuse into cells, converted back to bicarb and H by carbonic anhydrase –> bicarb reabsorbed and H secreted again

When reabsorbed all bicarb, H in lumen builds up in lumen and excreted
Lumen has min pH of 4.4, after this H needs a carrier
So glutamine is metabolised to ammonium ion and bicarb –> bicarb reabsorbed (creating bicarb) and ammonium ion secreted and binds with H and excreted

If build up of bicarb in lumen bc used up all H, get loss fo bicarb (e.g. metabolic alkalosis)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

type A intercalated cell

A

collecting duct - functions in acidosis to pump out H with H/K ATPase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

side effect (K) of metabolic acidosis

A

get hyperkalaemia bc type A intercalated cell pumping out H with H/K ATPase so get uptake of K

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

type B intercalated cell

A

collecting duct - functions in alkalosis to transport out bicarb with bicarb/Cl antiporter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

some causes of metabolic acidosis

A

chronic renal failure
chronic diarrhoea
starvation - keto acids (diabetes)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

why is creatinine could measure of GFR

A

because constant production, not reabsorbed

little bit remains bound to plasma proteins (so not filtered) but also little bit secreted so these balance out

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

oliguria

A

decreased urine output

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

polyuria

A

increased urine output

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

where do ICC cells lie

A

next to myenteric plexus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
what do vagovagal reflexes control
vagus - swallowing, acid secretion, stomach and duo contractions
26
intestino-intestinal reflexes
vagal and symp - reflex inhibition of proximal regions when distal regions are distended
27
stimulations of acid secretion
ach - symp HA - ECL cells gastrin - G cell s
28
what does gastrin stimulate
acid secretion | somatostatin secretion from D cells
29
what does somatostatin block
parietal cells ECL cells G cels
30
where are G cells
antrum and duo
31
food and acid entering antrum triggers
inhibition of acid secretion in corpus | pacemaker potentials in antrum
32
acid in duo triggers
- D cells to release somatostatin - vagal afferents - triggers vago-vagal reflex - brunners glands to release mucous and bicarb, inhibits gastric emptying - duodenal-pyloro-antral reflex - closes pylorus and inhibits gastric emptying
33
where is CCK released from
I cells
34
what triggers CCK release
aas and fatty acids
35
what do aa's cause secretion fo
CCK and secretin
36
where is secretin released from
S cells
37
What does CCK trigger
gall bladder contractions - bile acid release enzyme released from pancreas satiety factor to hypothalamus - directly and via vagus
38
what does sugar trigger the release of
GLP-1 and 2
39
what does GLP-1 do
Incretin response - insulin release independent of sugar in blood
40
what does secretin trigger
bicarb from pancreas
41
what does bicarb do
neutralises acid deactivates pepsin (due to no acid) stops somatostatin release removes break on gastric emptying
42
tastants acting on EC cells caue
release of 5HT
43
L cells
EC cells that express sweet taste Rs
44
where does migrating motor complex go from to
antrum to ileo-colic junction
45
major sites of digestion vs absorption
digestion - duo and upper jejunum | absorption - rest
46
digestion of polysaccharides
salivary (little bit) and pancreatic amylase - alpha 1,4 linkages
47
digestion of oligo and disaccharides
brush border enzymes - isomaltase, maltase, sucrase
48
how are maltase and sucrase synthesise d
as single glycopeptide, inserted into brush border and separated adn activated by pancreatic proteases
49
glucose absorption
tips of villi via SGLT1 w Na
50
fructose absorption
GLUT5 into epitheilum and GLUT2 into interstitium
51
locations of pepsiongen I and ii release
pepsiongen I - body/corpus (acid secreting regions) II -close to pylorus
52
action of pepsin
breaks bonds between aromatic aa and adjacent aa
53
some pancreatic proteases and how are they activated
enterokinase cleaves trypsinogen to trypsin | trypsin, elasetase, chymotrypsins
54
brush border proteases
aminopeptidases, carboxypeptidases
55
how are free aa absorbed into cells
by more than 7 transport systems, 5 need Na and 2 need Na and Cl
56
ways to digest proteins
pepsin pancreatic proteases brush border proteases
57
digestion of lipids
lingual lipase - minor gastric lipase - v minor pancreatic lipase
58
how is pancreatic lipase activated
trypsin activates procolipase to colipase | colipase activates lipase
59
micelles capture
FFAs, monoglycerides, cholesterol
60
what is an irregularly irregular pulse
atrial fibrillation
61
what are mesothelial cells
make up serosa (together with collagen) and secrete serous fluid
62
where are trabeculae carnae
RV and LV
63
where are musculi pectinati
RA

exam revision (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions