repro Flashcards by Christina Taplin

what are the 5 Ps

partners
protection from STIs
pregnancy prevention 
practices 
past STI history

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which STIs would cause discharge

chlamydia, gonorrhoea, trichomonas, vaginosis, candida, mycoplasma genitalium

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gonorrhea bacterial shape

GN diplococci

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elementary bodies

infectious bodies of chlamydia, non-replicating, hardy

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reticulate bodies

metabolically replicating bodies of chlamydia

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LGV

chlamydia causing invasive lymphatic infection

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what do you treat gonorrhoea with

ceftriaxone or azithromycin

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what do you treat chlamydia with

azithromycin or doxycycline

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if have trichomonas vaginalis, what is it an indicator of

high risk sexual activity, higher risk of HIV acquisition

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treatment for trichomonas vaginalis

metromidazole, tinidazole, clindamycin cream

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what is treponema pallidium

syphilis

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what is non-treponemal test

RPR, indication of active untreated syphilis infection

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what is terponemal test

EIA, indication of current or past syphilis infection - remains positive for life if ever infected with syphilis

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what tests would you carry out for syphilis investigation

first EIA (treponemal test) then if this positive, do RPR (non-treponemal test) - to see if current infection

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treatment for mycoplasma genitalium

azithromycin

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prenatal infection

infection in utero

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perinatal infection

infection acquired during delivery

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what are ascending organisms in relation to pregnancy

vaginal organisms causing foetal infection

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purpura fulminans

invasive grp a strep through VZV skin lesions

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congenital varicella syndrome

infection in 1st trimester

limb hypoplasia, dermatomal skin scarring, microcephaly, cataracts, mental retardation

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prophylactic VZIG, and who do you give it to

post exposure VZIG

give to pregnant mothers, babies who’s mothers develop VZV <7days prior to delivery, immunocompromised, prem babies

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what type of virus is CMV

herpes virus

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congenital CMV

microceophaly, behavioural problems, learning difficulties

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more worried about primary or reactivation in pregnancy

primary - bc higher risk of foetal infeciton

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neonatal CMV more often symptomatic or asymptomatic

asymptomatic - 90% of time

more concerned about symptomatic or asymptomatic neonatal CMV

symptomatic bc 90-100% will develop long term sequ

what's significance of positive IgM in CMV

not normal - doesn't indicate active infection - IgM remains positive for years after infection

IgG avidity

how strongly binding IgG is - stronger binding indicates longer infection

complications of foetal CMV

sensorineural deafness blindness microcephaly (pneumonitis rare)

treatment of foetal CMV infection

only treat if symptomatic at birth - treat with ganciclovir

characteristic feature of rubella infection

usually pretty asymptomatic, but lymphadenopathy down back of neck

congenital rubella syndrome

opthalmonogical - cataracts, glaucoma, retinopathy cardiac damage sensorineural deafness neurological dysfunction

can you give rubella vaccine to pregnant woman

no bc live attenuated

treatment of pregnant women with HSV

acyclovir

perinatal HSV

skin-eye-mouth encephalitis dissemination

congenital syphilis signs

hepatosplenomegaly, snuffles, rash

trachoma

chlamydia that infects eyes

neonatal chlamydia

conjunctivitis (haemorrhagic), pneumonia

congenital toxoplasmosis

rash, LN, hydrocephalus, chorioretinitis

treatment for congenitally HBV infected baby

infant vaccine | BIG - HBV immunoglobulin

interventions for congenital HCV infection

nothing

grp b strep infection - how many babies colonised, how many invasive disease

40-70% babies colonised, 1% invasive disease | via ascending infection or at birth

what can grp B strep cause in baby

pneumonia, meningitis, sepsis

chorioamniocentisis

infection in uterine cavity

prevention of grp B strep infection baby

intrapartum chemoprophylaxis - screen for carriage, if carrier give IV antibiotics prior to delivery to reduce risk of transmission

treatment grp b strep baby

gentamicin penicillin

anti-natal screening for infections

``` rubella HBV HCV syphilis HIV ``` VZV CMV toxoplasma gondii

ala

superior aspect of sacral lateral masses

plane of least dimensions

S4 through ischial spine to base of pubis

interosseous sacral ligaments

in the joint - strongest in body, prevent rotation

accessory ligaments of SIJ

iliosacral sacrospinous sacrotuberous

arcuate lig of pubic symphysis

inferior lig

pubic symphysis reinforced by

superior and arcuate ligs | criss-crossing fibres from rectus sheath, oblique abdo muscles and adductor longus

retropubic space

between pubis and bladder - nothing goes through here

ant internal iliac artery gives branches to

visceral | walls of pelvis, lower limb

post internal iliac artery gives branches to

walls of pelvis, lower limb

pelvic fascia lies between

sacral plexus and vessels

where is pelvic fascia dense vs loose

dense on pelvic walls (overlying piriformis and obturator internus) lose over viscera and pelvic floor

fundus of uterus

above where tubes enter

isthmus of uterus

where becomes continuous with cervix

ovarian ligament

connects ovary to shoulder of uterus

round ligament

from shoulder of uterus, through inguinal canal to labia

ampulla of rectum

dilated portion of rectum where faces stored until defecation

branches to pelvis from above

ovarian arteries - from aorta | superior rectal - direct continuation of inferior mesenteric

branches from ant internal iliac

male: - superior vesical - inferior vesical - inferior rectal ``` female - superior vesical - uterine - gives of vaginal branch or (- often separate vaginal - often gives of inferior vesical) - inferior rectal ```

prenatal screening tests - what do they do

identify subset of women who are at risk of having baby with birth defect

prenatal screening tests carried out

1st trimester - blood tests and ultrasound - for T21 and T18 NIPT/S - new test, non-invasive 2nd trimester - blood test - T21, T18, neural tube

what is NIPT/S

acquire foetal DNA from maternal blood - so dont have to invade foetus space - foetal DNA testing

what do you do if screening tests show increased risk of foetal abnormality

nothing foetal anomaly ultrasound invasive diagnostic tests - amniocentesis, CVS (both 2nd ones or either)

who is invasive diagnostic tests offered to

- increased risk determined from screeing - advanced maternal age - known carrier couples

what tests do you do on samples obtained via invasive diagnostic tests

FISH | karoytoype/chromosomal array

what is FISH

fluorescence in situ hybridisation

gold standard DNA testing

karyotyping

reciprocal translocation

balanced translocation btw two chromosomes

robertsonian translocation

translocation btw two acrocentric chromosomes

repro Flashcards

(75 cards)