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CNS Anatomy > Anatomy 12 > Flashcards

Anatomy 12 Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the 4 lines of the brain?

A

1) The central sulcus
2) Posterior ramus of lateral
fissure
3) Imaginary line between
Parieto-occipital fissure &
Preoccipital notch
4) Imaginary line connecting
the posterior ramus of lateral fissure to the previous line

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2
Q

Each hemisphere is divided

into 4 lobes:

A

1) Frontal lobe.
2) Parietal lobe.
3) Temporal lobe.
4) Occipital lobe.

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3
Q

What does the cerebral hemisphere consist of?

A

1) Outer grey matter (cerebral cortex)
2) white matter
3) Basal nuclei (inner grey matter)
4) Lateral ventricle

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4
Q

What are the functions of the cerebral cortex?

A

1) Sensation
2) Voluntary movement
3) Self-awareness
4) Communication
5) Recognition

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5
Q

How much brain mass does the cerebral cortex take up? How thick is it?

A

40%; 2-3mm

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6
Q

What are the 6 layers of the cerebral cortex?

A

1) Layer 1 (Molecular)
2) Layer 2 (External granular)
3) Layer 3 (External pyramidal)
4) Layer 4 (Internal granular)
5) Layer 5 (Internal pyramidal)
6) Multiform

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7
Q

What are the components of layer 1 (Molecular)?

A

Axons & Dendrites (Cell processes)

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8
Q

What are the components of layer 2 (External granular)?

A

1) Densely packed Stellate cells

2) Small pyramidal cells

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9
Q

What are the components of layer 3 (External pyramidal)?

A

1) Loosely packed Stellate cells

2) Medium pyramidal cells

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10
Q

What are the components of layer 4 (Internal granular)?

A

Densely packed Stellate cells ONLY

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11
Q

What are the components of layer 5 (Internal pyramidal)?

A

Large pyramidal cells ONLY- Giant pyramidal cells of Betz + (few stellate cells)

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12
Q

What are the components of layer 6 (Multiform)?

A

1) Multiple sized pyramidal cells

2) Loosely packed stellate cells

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13
Q

Each hemisphere has 3

surfaces:

A

1) Superolateral surface
2) Medial surface
3) Inferior surface

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14
Q

The surfaces of the cerebral hemisphere show elevations called __ and grooves called __.

A

Gyri; Sulci

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15
Q

Deep sulci are called:

A

Fissures

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16
Q

The surface of the hemisphere is divided into different areas. Each area contains:

A

A group of cells that perform a specific

function.

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17
Q

What are the important sulci & gyri on the superolateral surface?

A

1) Central sulcus (of Rolando)
2) Lateral fissure (of Sylvius)
3) Parieto–occipital fissure

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18
Q

Where does the Central sulcus (of Rolando) begin and end?

A

Begins: On medial surface
Ends: Slightly above the middle of the posterior ramus of lateral fissure

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19
Q

Where does the Central sulcus (of Rolando) extend?

A

From the superomedial border at a point a little behind the midpoint between the frontal & occipital poles.

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20
Q

Where does the Lateral fissure (of Sylvius) begin?

A

It begins on the inferior surface (stem) lateral to the anterior perforated substance

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21
Q

Where does the Lateral fissure (of Sylvius) extend?

A

Laterally to reach the lateral surface where it divides into 3 branches.

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22
Q

What are the 3 branches of the Lateral fissure (of Sylvius)?

A

1) Anterior ramus
2) Ascending ramus
3) Posterior ramus

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23
Q

Where is the Anterior ramus of the Lateral fissure (of Sylvius) found?

A

Runs forwards in the inferior frontal gyrus

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24
Q

Where is the Ascending ramus of the Lateral fissure (of Sylvius) found?

A

Ascends in the inferior frontal gyrus

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25
Where is the Posterior ramus of the Lateral fissure (of Sylvius) found?
Runs backwards & ends by turning upwards in the parietal lobe
26
What are the important sulci on the frontal lobe?
1) Precentral sulcus 2) Superior Frontal sulcus 3) Inferior frontal sulcus
27
What are the important gyri on the frontal lobe?
1) Precentral gyrus: Between central and precentral sulci. 2) Superior & inferior frontal sulci divide the remaining part equally into superior, middle & inferior frontal gyri
28
What are the important sulci on the temporal lobe?
1) Superior temporal sulci | 2) Inferior temporal sulci
29
What are the important gyri on the temporal lobe?
1) Superior temporal gyri 2) Middle temporal gyri 3) Inferior temporal gyri
30
Where does the insula (Island of Reil) 5th loop lie?
At the bottom of the lateral fissure
31
What are the borders of the insula (Island of Reil) 5th loop?
``` It is conical in shape having a base (surrounded by circular sulcus) and an apex directed inferiorly towards the anterior perforated substance. ```
32
``` The insula (Island of Reil) 5th loop is divided by __ into: ```
Sulcus centralis insulae; 1) Anterior part divided into 3-4 short gyri 2) Posterior part with one long gyrus which is usually divided near its upper part.
33
What is the function of the insula (Island of Reil) 5th loop?
Related to taste (gustatory area)
34
What are the important sulci & gyri on the parietal lobe?
1) Postcentral sulcus 2) Postcentral gyrus 3) Intraparietal sulcus
35
Where is the postcentral gyrus located?
Between the central & | postcentral sulci.
36
Where is the postcentral sulcus located?
Parallel to and one | finger behind the central sulcus.
37
Where does the intraparietal sulcus begin?
At the middle of the postcentral sulcus
38
The intraparietal sulcus divides the remaining part of the parietal lobe into:
1) Superior parietal lobule | 2) Inferior parietal lobule
39
The inferior parietal lobule is divided into:
1) Supramarginal gyrus 2) Angular gyrus 3) Posterior part
40
Where is the supramarginal gyrus located?
Above the upturned end of the post ramus of lateral fissure
41
Where is the angular gyrus located?
Above the upturned end of superior temporal sulcus area 39
42
Where is the Posterior part located?
Above the upturned end of the inferior temporal sulcus
43
What are the important sulci on the occipital lobe?
1) Transverse occipital sulcus (lunate) | 2) Lateral occipital sulcus (horizontal)
44
What does the lateral occipital sulcus (horizontal) do?
Divides the lateral surface of the occipital lobe into a superior and an inferior gyrus.
45
What surrounds the corpus callosum?
Callosal sulcus
46
What is the path of the Cingulate sulcus?
Runs parallel to corpus callosum and terminates by turning upwards to meet the superomedial border. Ends above as marginal sulcus.
47
What branch does the cingulate gyrus give?
Ascending branch above the middle of the body of the corpus callosum, which divides the area above cingulate sulcus into anterior part: 1) Medial frontal gyrus 2) Paracentral lobule
48
Where does the Cingulate gyrus lie?
Between corpus callosum & cingulate sulcus
49
What is the continuation of the cingulate gyrus?
Subparietal (suprasplenial) sulcus
50
Where is the Parieto-occipital fissure located?
Between the parietal & occipital lobes
51
Where does the Calcrine sulcus begin?
Near the occipital pole
52
What is the Cuneus?
The wedge area between the parieto-occipital fissure and the calcrine sulcus.
53
Where does the Precuneus lie?
In front of the parieto-occipital fissure
54
Where does the Lingual gyrus lie?
Below the calcrine sulcus
55
What are the important sulci & gyri on the medial surface?
1) Callosal sulcus 2) Cingulate sulcus 3) Subparietal (suprasplenial) sulcus 4) Parieto-occipital fissure 5) Calcrine sulcus 6) Cuneus 7) Precuneus 8) Lingual gyrus
56
The inferior surface of the brain is divided by ___ into:
The stem of the lateral fissure; 1) A smaller anterior part: the orbital surface 2) A posterior part: the tentorial surface
57
What are the important sulci & gyri on the orbital surface?
1) Olfactory sulcus 2) Gyrus rectus 3) H-shaped orbital sulcus
58
Where is the olfactory sulcus found?
Near and parallel to the median fissure
59
What overlaps the olfactory sulcus?
The olfactory bulb & tract
60
Where is the gyrus rectus found?
Medial to the olfactory suclus.
61
What is the gyrus rectus continuous with?
The superior frontal gyrus
62
What is the role of the gyrus rectus?
Sexual behavior
63
What does the orbital sulcus do?
Divides the remaining part into anterior, posterior, lateral, and medial orbital gyri.
64
Orbital gyri are connected with:
The limbic system, especially nucleus accumbens (reward reinforcement)
65
What are the important sulci & gyri on the tentorial surface?
1) Hippocampal sulcus 2) Collateral sulcus 3) Rhinal sulcus 4) Occipito-temporal
66
What does the hippocampal sulcus do?
Separates the parahippocampal gyrus from the midbrain
67
Where does the collateral sulcus lie?
Below & parallel to the calcrine sulcus
68
What does the rhinal sulcus do?
Separates the temporal pole from the uncus
69
Where does the occipito-temporal sulcus lie?
Between the medial occipito-temporal gyrus (fusiform gyrus) and lateral occipito-temporal gyrus (inferior temporal gyrus)
70
What is the function of the medial occipito-temporal gyrus (fusiform gyrus)?
Involved in face recognition
71
What is the function of the lateral occipito-temporal gyrus (inferior temporal gyrus)?
Involved in location recognition memory

CNS Anatomy (19 decks)

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