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CNS Anatomy > Anatomy 13&14 > Flashcards

Anatomy 13&14 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the Morphological Classification of Cortical Areas based on?

A

Cytoarchitectonic studies

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2
Q

Campbell’s (1905) classification has __ areas.

A

20

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3
Q

Brodmann’s (1909) classification has __ areas.

A

47

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4
Q

Vogt and Vogt’s (1919) classification has __ areas.

A

Over 200

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5
Q

Von Economo’s (1929) classification has __ areas.

A

109

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6
Q

What are the sensory areas of the cerebral cortex?

A

1) primary sensory area (postcentral gyrus)

2) Secondary sensory area

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7
Q

What does a lesion of the postcentral gyrus (S1) cause?

A

Contralateral hemianathesia

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8
Q

What does a lesion of the S2 cause?

A

No marked lesion

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9
Q

What are the motor areas of the cerebral cortex?

A

1) Primary motor area 4 (precentral gyrus)
2) Secondary premotor area 6
3) Supplementary motor area (SMA)

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10
Q

What does a lesion of the primary motor area 4 (precenteral gyrus) cause?

A

Contralateral hemiplagia

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11
Q

What does the secondary premotor area 6 do?

A

Controls trunk, shoulder and hip big muscles

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12
Q

What does a lesion of the supplementary motor area (SMA) cause?

A

Difficulty in coordination and planning of movement

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13
Q

What are the association areas?

A

1) Parietal
2) Occipital
3) Temporal cortex
4) Prefrontal (frontal) cortex

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14
Q

What are the association areas responsible for?

A

Thinking, learning, judgment, and foresight

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15
Q

What does a lesion of the association areas cause?

A

Alzheimer’s

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16
Q

In which area is the primary motor area (M1) found?

A

Area 4

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17
Q

In which area is the premotor area (PM) found?

A

Area 6

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18
Q

In which area is the frontal eye field found?

A

Area 8

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19
Q

In which area is Broca’s area of speech found?

A

Areas 44 & 45

20
Q

Where is Area 4 (primary motor area (M1)) found?

A

Precentral gyrus of lateral surface anterior part of paracentral lobule

21
Q

Which cells are found in Area 4 (primary motor area (M1))?

A

Giant pyramidal cell of Betz (5th layer)

22
Q

What are the afferents of the Area 4 (primary motor area (M1))?

A

1) Premotor area (40%)
2) SMA
3) Parietal sensory
4) Thalamus

23
Q

What is the function of the Area 4 (primary motor area (M1))?

A

Fine specific discrete movement mainly extremities

24
Q

What does a lesion of Area 4 (primary motor area (M1)) cause?

A

Upper Motor Neuron (UMN) syndrome (contralateral hemiplagia)

25
Q

What are the afferents of the Area 6 (Premotor Area (PM))?

A

1) Thalamus
2) Cerebellum
3) Basal ganglia

26
Q

Where is Area 6 (Premotor Area (PM)) found?

A

In front of area 4 broad above narrow below

27
Q

What are the functions of the Area 6 (Premotor Area (PM))?

A

1) Storing motor programs
2) Coordination of coarse
movements; mainly trunk, shoulders and hip muscles.

28
Q

Area 6 (Premotor Area (PM)) is inhibitory to:

A

Muscle tone

29
Q

Area 6 (Premotor Area (PM)) sends inputs to:

A

M4

30
Q

What does a lesion of Area 6 (Premotor Area (PM)) do?

A

1) Motor apraxia
2) Spasticity
3) Loss of postural stability

31
Q

What are the afferents of the Supplementary Motor Area (SMA)?

A

1) Thalamus

2) Basal ganglia

32
Q

Where is the Supplementary Motor Area (SMA) found?

A

Mostly on the medial frontal gyrus anterior to the paracentral lobule

33
Q

What are the functions of the Supplementary Motor Area (SMA)?

A

1) Postural stabilization of the body
2) Coordination of both sides of the body
3) Control of sequences of movements

34
Q

What does a lesion of the Supplementary Motor Area (SMA) do?

A

Not definite

35
Q

Where is Area 8 (frontal eye field) located?

A

In front of premotor area mainly middle frontal gyrus.

36
Q

What is Area 8 (frontal eye field) connected to?

A

The visual area in occipital lobe

37
Q

What is the function of Area 8 (frontal eye field)?

A

Voluntary tracking movement (conjugate movement) to the opposite side

38
Q

What does a lesion of the Area 8 (frontal eye field) do?

A

Deviation of both eyes to same side of lesion

39
Q

Where are Areas 44&45 (Broca’s areas of speech) located?

A

Inferior frontal gyrus mainly on the left dominant hemisphere

40
Q

What is the function of Areas 44&45 (Broca’s areas of speech)?

A

Coordination of muscles of larynx, mouth, tongue, and palate.

41
Q

Areas 44&45 (Broca’s areas of speech) are connected to:

A

Wernicke’s area through arcuate fasiculus

42
Q

What does a lesion of Areas 44&45 (Broca’s areas of speech) do?

A

Motor aphasia (non-fluent aphasia)

43
Q

Where are the Primary sensory areas (3,1,2) located?

A

Postcentral gyrus. Extends on the paracentral lobule

44
Q

What are the functions of the Primary sensory areas (3,1,2)?

A

1) Localizes and discriminates different sensations

2) Gives 20% of the pyramidal tract

45
Q

What does a lesion of Primary sensory areas (3,1,2) cause?

A

Contralateral hemianathesia

46
Q

Where is the secondary sensory area located?

A

Lowermost part of postcentral gyrus (depth of lateral sulcus)

47
Q

What are some other sensory areas?

A

1) Visual Area (vision)
2) Auditory Area (Hearing)
3) Vestibular Area
4) (Equilibrium)
5) Gustatory Area (Taste)
6) Olfactory Area (Smell)

CNS Anatomy (19 decks)

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