Anatomy 13&14

Question 1

What is the Morphological Classification of Cortical Areas based on?

Answer 1

Cytoarchitectonic studies

Question 2

Campbell’s (1905) classification has __ areas.

Answer 2

20

Question 3

Brodmann’s (1909) classification has __ areas.

Answer 3

47

Question 4

Vogt and Vogt’s (1919) classification has __ areas.

Answer 4

Over 200

Question 5

Von Economo’s (1929) classification has __ areas.

Answer 5

109

Question 6

What are the sensory areas of the cerebral cortex?

Answer 6

1) primary sensory area (postcentral gyrus)

2) Secondary sensory area

Question 7

What does a lesion of the postcentral gyrus (S1) cause?

Answer 7

Contralateral hemianathesia

Question 8

What does a lesion of the S2 cause?

Answer 8

No marked lesion

Question 9

What are the motor areas of the cerebral cortex?

Answer 9

1) Primary motor area 4 (precentral gyrus)
2) Secondary premotor area 6
3) Supplementary motor area (SMA)

Question 10

What does a lesion of the primary motor area 4 (precenteral gyrus) cause?

Answer 10

Contralateral hemiplagia

Question 11

What does the secondary premotor area 6 do?

Answer 11

Controls trunk, shoulder and hip big muscles

Question 12

What does a lesion of the supplementary motor area (SMA) cause?

Answer 12

Difficulty in coordination and planning of movement

Question 13

What are the association areas?

Answer 13

1) Parietal
2) Occipital
3) Temporal cortex
4) Prefrontal (frontal) cortex

Question 14

What are the association areas responsible for?

Answer 14

Thinking, learning, judgment, and foresight

Question 15

What does a lesion of the association areas cause?

Answer 15

Alzheimer’s

Question 16

In which area is the primary motor area (M1) found?

Answer 16

Area 4

Question 17

In which area is the premotor area (PM) found?

Answer 17

Area 6

Question 18

In which area is the frontal eye field found?

Answer 18

Area 8

Question 19

In which area is Broca’s area of speech found?

Answer 19

Areas 44 & 45

Question 20

Where is Area 4 (primary motor area (M1)) found?

Answer 20

Precentral gyrus of lateral surface anterior part of paracentral lobule

Question 21

Which cells are found in Area 4 (primary motor area (M1))?

Answer 21

Giant pyramidal cell of Betz (5th layer)

Question 22

What are the afferents of the Area 4 (primary motor area (M1))?

Answer 22

1) Premotor area (40%)
2) SMA
3) Parietal sensory
4) Thalamus

Question 23

What is the function of the Area 4 (primary motor area (M1))?

Answer 23

Fine specific discrete movement mainly extremities

Question 24

What does a lesion of Area 4 (primary motor area (M1)) cause?

Answer 24

Upper Motor Neuron (UMN) syndrome (contralateral hemiplagia)

Question 25

What are the afferents of the Area 6 (Premotor Area (PM))?

Answer 25

1) Thalamus 2) Cerebellum 3) Basal ganglia

Question 26

Where is Area 6 (Premotor Area (PM)) found?

Answer 26

In front of area 4 broad above narrow below

Question 27

What are the functions of the Area 6 (Premotor Area (PM))?

Answer 27

1) Storing motor programs 2) Coordination of coarse movements; mainly trunk, shoulders and hip muscles.

Question 28

Area 6 (Premotor Area (PM)) is inhibitory to:

Answer 28

Muscle tone

Question 29

Area 6 (Premotor Area (PM)) sends inputs to:

Answer 29

M4

Question 30

What does a lesion of Area 6 (Premotor Area (PM)) do?

Answer 30

1) Motor apraxia 2) Spasticity 3) Loss of postural stability

Question 31

What are the afferents of the Supplementary Motor Area (SMA)?

Answer 31

1) Thalamus | 2) Basal ganglia

Question 32

Where is the Supplementary Motor Area (SMA) found?

Answer 32

Mostly on the medial frontal gyrus anterior to the paracentral lobule

Question 33

What are the functions of the Supplementary Motor Area (SMA)?

Answer 33

1) Postural stabilization of the body 2) Coordination of both sides of the body 3) Control of sequences of movements

Question 34

What does a lesion of the Supplementary Motor Area (SMA) do?

Answer 34

Not definite

Question 35

Where is Area 8 (frontal eye field) located?

Answer 35

In front of premotor area mainly middle frontal gyrus.

Question 36

What is Area 8 (frontal eye field) connected to?

Answer 36

The visual area in occipital lobe

Question 37

What is the function of Area 8 (frontal eye field)?

Answer 37

Voluntary tracking movement (conjugate movement) to the opposite side

Question 38

What does a lesion of the Area 8 (frontal eye field) do?

Answer 38

Deviation of both eyes to same side of lesion

Question 39

Where are Areas 44&45 (Broca’s areas of speech) located?

Answer 39

Inferior frontal gyrus mainly on the left dominant hemisphere

Question 40

What is the function of Areas 44&45 (Broca’s areas of speech)?

Answer 40

Coordination of muscles of larynx, mouth, tongue, and palate.

Question 41

Areas 44&45 (Broca’s areas of speech) are connected to:

Answer 41

Wernicke’s area through arcuate fasiculus

Question 42

What does a lesion of Areas 44&45 (Broca’s areas of speech) do?

Answer 42

Motor aphasia (non-fluent aphasia)

Question 43

Where are the Primary sensory areas (3,1,2) located?

Answer 43

Postcentral gyrus. Extends on the paracentral lobule

Question 44

What are the functions of the Primary sensory areas (3,1,2)?

Answer 44

1) Localizes and discriminates different sensations | 2) Gives 20% of the pyramidal tract

Question 45

What does a lesion of Primary sensory areas (3,1,2) cause?

Answer 45

Contralateral hemianathesia

Question 46

Where is the secondary sensory area located?

Answer 46

Lowermost part of postcentral gyrus (depth of lateral sulcus)

Question 47

What are some other sensory areas?

Answer 47

1) Visual Area (vision) 2) Auditory Area (Hearing) 3) Vestibular Area 4) (Equilibrium) 5) Gustatory Area (Taste) 6) Olfactory Area (Smell)