Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

CNS Anatomy > Anatomy 19 > Flashcards

Anatomy 19 Flashcards

1
Q

What forms the cerebellum?

A

1) Median vermis

2) 2 cerebellar hemispheres

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the 2 surfaces of the cerebellum?

A

1) Superior surface: facing the midbrain & tentorium
cerebelli .
2) Inferior surface: divided into anterior & posterior
parts.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

The cerebellum’s surfaces have:

A

Many parallel folds called folia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the 2 notches of the cerebellum?

A

1) Anterior notch

2) Posterior notch (vellecula)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the anterior notch occupied by?

A

The brain stem

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the posterior notch occupied by?

A

Falx cerebelli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the main fissures of the cerebellum?

A

1) Primary fissure
2) Horizontal fissure
3) Posterolateral fissure
4) Cerebellar tonsil
5) Retrotonsillar fissure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What does the primary fissure separate?

A

The anterior & posterior

lobes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Where does the horizontal fissure extend?

A

Between the middle

cerebellar peduncles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What does the posterolateral fissure separate?

A

The flocculus and nodule from the rest of the cerebellum.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Where are the cerebellar tonsils found?

A

On either sides of uvula of

inferior vermis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What does the retrotonsillar fissure separate?

A

Tonsil from the rest of the cerebellum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the (horizontal) lobes of the cerebellum?

A

1) Anterior lobe: in front of the primary fissure.
2) Posterior lobe: behind the primary fissure.
3) Flocculo-nodular lobe: consists of the flocculus & nodule.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the cerebellar nuclei?

A

1) Dentate
2) Interposed nuclei: Emboliform & Globose
3) Fastigial
(Don’t Eat Greasy Food)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the arbor vitae (tree of life) and why is it called that?

A

The white matter of the

cerebellum; because of the tree-like appearance.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What does the arbor vitae do?

A

Brings sensory and motor sensations to and from the cerebellum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are the vertical subdivisions of the

cerebellum?

A

1) Vermis (central part on superior and
inferior surfaces) represents head, neck, trunk, shoulders and hips).
2) Paravemis (lateral to vermis) represents
muscles of upper and lower limbs
3) Rest of cerebellar hemispheres

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Where does the vermis project to?

A

Fastigeal Nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Where does the paravermis project to?

A

Globose and Emboliform Nuclei

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Where do the rest of the cerebellar hemispheres

project to?

A

Dentate Nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What does the superior cerebellar peduncle (SCP) connect?

A

The cerebellum with the midbrain

22
Q

What does the middle cerebellar peduncle (MCP) connect?

A

The cerebellum with the pons

23
Q

What does the inferior cerebellar peduncle (ICP) connect?

A

The cerebellum with the medulla oblongata

24
Q

What are the structures of the cerebellum?

A

1) Cerebellar Cortex
2) Corpus Medullare (Medullary Center)
3) Deep Cerebellar Nuclei

25
Q

What are the layers of the cerebellar cortex?

A

1) Outer Molecular Layer
2) Middle Purkinje Cell Layer
3) Inner Granular Layer

26
Q

Which cerebellar cortex layer is inhibitory to all other cells?

A

Middle Purkinje Cell Layer

27
Q

Which cerebellar cortex layer has stellate and

basket cells?

A

Outer Molecular Layer

28
Q

What cells does the Inner Granular Layer contain?

A 
2G cells (granule and golgi).
Granule cells are the only excitatory to all other cells
29
Q

The white matter of the

cerebellum consists of three types of nerve fibers in the white matter:

A

1) Mossy fibers (afferent)
2) Climbing fibers (afferent)
3) Axons of Purkinje cells (efferent)

30
Q

Where do the mossy fibers (afferent) end?

A

In the granular layer first
then Purkinje layer (indirect
activation of Purkinje).

31
Q

Where do the climbing fibers (afferent) end?

A

Directly in Purkinje (direct
activation) or molecular layer
(olivocerebellar tracts mainly)

32
Q

Where do the Axons of Purkinje cells (efferent) end?

A

The only axons to leave cerebellar cortex to end in deep cerebellar nuclei (inhibitory).

33
Q

Where do the Axons of Purkinje cells (efferent) project?

A

These fibers then projects to brain stem nuclei, thalamus, and cerebral cortex.

34
Q

Which lobes make up the Archicerebellum (Vestibulo-cerebellum)?

A

1) Flocculo-Nodular Lobe

2) Lingual Lobule

35
Q

Which afferent fibers does the Archicerebellum (Vestibulo-cerebellum) receive?

A

From vestibular apparatus of internal ear via vestibulo-cerebellar tracts either
directly from vestibular ganglia or from vestibular nuclei.

36
Q

Purkinje neurons of each lobe project its inhibitory axons directly to __. (Archicerebellum (Vestibulo-cerebellum)

A

Ipsilateral vestibular nuclei

37
Q

Which efferent fibers does the Archicerebellum (Vestibulo-cerebellum) receive?

A

Vestibular nuclei give rise to:

1) Vestibulospinal tracts to antigravity extensor muscles.
2) Vestibulo-ocular fibers
3) Vestibulo-cerebellar
4) Vestivulo-cortical

38
Q

What is the function of the Archicerebellum (Vestibulo-cerebellum)?

A

1) Equilibrium

2) Vestibulo-Ocular Reflex (VOR).

39
Q

What are the functional subdivisions of the cerebellum?

A

1) Archicerebellum (Vestibulo-cerebellum)

2) Paleocerebellum (Spino-cerebellum)

40
Q

What makes up the Paleocerebellum (Spino-cerebellum)?

A

1) Anterior lobe+ midline vermis (fastigeal N)

2) Surrounding paravermis + globose & emboliform nuclei.

41
Q

What is the function of the Vermal zone of the Paleocerebellum (Spino-cerebellum)?

A

Regulate muscle tone of axial and proximal limb muscles

42
Q

Purkinje neurons of each hemivermis projects

inhibitory axons to __. (Vermal zone of the Paleocerebellum (Spino-cerebellum))

A

Ipsilateral fastigeal nuclei

43
Q

What are the afferent fibers of the Vermal zone of the Paleocerebellum (Spino-cerebellum)?

A

1) Ventral and dorsal spinocerebellar
2) Olivo-cerebellar
3) Cuneocerellar tracts

44
Q

Where do the afferent fibers of the Vermal zone of the Paleocerebellum (Spino-cerebellum) project to?

A

To fastigeal nuclei

45
Q

Fastigeal nuclei give __ to the __ that controls __.

A

Bilateral excitatory fibers; medial motor system; axial and proximal limb muscles

46
Q

What are the efferent fibers of the Vermal zone of the Paleocerebellum (Spino-cerebellum)?

A

1) Fastigeo-Vestibulo-spinal (ipsilateral and contralateral vestibular nuclei)
2) Fastigeo- Reticulo-spinal (Ipsilateral and
contralateral RF)
3) Anterior cortico-spinal (ipsilateral and contralateral VL nucleus of thalamus which project to trunk part of area 4.
(cerebello-fastigeo-thalamo-cortico-spinal)

47
Q

What are the parts of the Vermal zone of the Paleocerebellum (Spino-cerebellum)?

A

1) Vermal zone of the spinocerebellum

2) Para-vermal zone of spinocerebellum

48
Q

What is the function of the Para-vermal zone of spinocerebellum?

A

It is concerned with muscle tone (mainly flexors) and regulation of voluntary movements of the distal muscles.

49
Q

What are the afferent fibers of the para-vermal zone of the Paleocerebellum (Spino-cerebellum)?

A

Proprio-ceptive impulses
from muscles and tendons via spino-cerebellar tracts
(dorsal & ventral), olivo-cerebellar and
cuneorebellar

50
Q

Where do the afferent fibers of the Vermal zone of the Paleocerebellum (Spino-cerebellum) project to?

A

Globose-Emboliform nuclei

51
Q

What are the efferent fibers of the para-vermal zone of the Paleocerebellum (Spino-cerebellum)?

A

It sends efferent to lateral motor pathway:
1) Contralateral VL nuclei of thalamus which project to precenteral gyrus (distal limbs area) from which lateral corticospinal fibers arise (control distal limb muscles)
(Cerebello-Globose- Embliform- thalamocortical-spinal pathway)
2) Contralateral red nucleus of midbrain (controlling distal limb muscles)
(Cerebello-Globose-Emboliform-Rubral-spinal
pathway)

CNS Anatomy (19 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions