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foundations of medicine 2 > anatomy > Flashcards

anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

role of spinal nerves

A

connect with the spinal chord

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1
Q

what are the 2 main components of the central nervous system

A

brain + spinal chord

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2
Q

role of cranial nerves

A

connect with the brain

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3
Q

what is the basic unit of the nervous system

A

neurons

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4
Q

what is a nucleus

A

collection of nerve cell bodies in the CNS

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5
Q

what is a ganglion

A

collection of nerve cell bodies in the PNS

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6
Q

another word for efferent

A

motor

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7
Q

what do efferent nerves carry

A

action potential towards the body wall, cavity or organ

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8
Q

another word for afferent

A

sensory

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9
Q

what do afferent nerves carry

A

action potential towards the brain

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10
Q

how many pairs of cranial nerves do we have

A

12

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11
Q

mnemonic to remember cranial nerves

A

oh oh oh to touch and feel very green vegetables AH

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12
Q

CN I

A

olfactory nerve

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13
Q

CN II

A

optic nerve

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14
Q

CN III

A

oculomotor nerve

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15
Q

CN IV

A

trochlear nerve

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16
Q

CN V

A

trigeminal nerve

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17
Q

CN VI

A

abducent nerve

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18
Q

CN VII

A

facial nerve

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19
Q

CN VIII

A

vestibulocochlear nerve

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20
Q

CN IX

A

glossopharyngeal nerve

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21
Q

CN X

A

vagus nerve

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22
Q

CN XI

A

spinal accessory nerve

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23
Q

CN XII

A

hypoglossal nerve

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24
Q

mnemonic to remember the function of the cranial nerves

A

Some Say Money Matters, But My Brother Says Big Brains Matter More

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25
Q

what exits via the cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone

A

CN I

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26
Q

what exits via the optic canal

A

CN II

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27
Q

what exits via the superior orbital fissure

A

CN III, IV, V1, VI

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28
Q

what exits via the foramen rotundum

A

CN V2

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29
Q

what exits via the foramen ovale

A

CN V3

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30
Q

what exits via the internal acoustic meatus

A

CN VII, VIII

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31
Q

what exits via the jugular foramen

A

CN IX, X, XI

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32
Q

what exits via the hypoglossal canal

A

CN XII

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33
Q

what passes through the foramen magnum

A

the spinal chord

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34
Q

name the 4 segments of the spinal chord

A

cervical
thoracic
lumbar
sacral/coccygeal

35
Q

how many cervical segments of the spinal chord do we have

A

8

36
Q

how many thoracic segments of the spinal chord do we have

A

12

37
Q

how many lumbar segments of the spinal chord do we have

A

5

38
Q

how many sacral/coccygeal segments of the spinal chord do we have

A

6

39
Q

how are spinal nerves named

A

according to the vertebrae above it

40
Q

where does spinal nerve C8 exit

A

between C7 and T1

41
Q

where does the spinal chord end

A

L1/L2 intervertebral disk level

42
Q

what connects the spinal nerves with the spinal chord

A

roots and rootlets

43
Q

what connects the spinal nerves with structures of the soma

A

rami

44
Q

what do posterior rami supply

A

small posterior strip

45
Q

what do anterior rami supply

A

the rest basically

46
Q

where does motor innervation of the spinal nerves come from

A

anterior roots and rootlets

47
Q

what are dermatomes

A

an area of the skin supplied by both the anterior and posterior rami of a spinal nerve

48
Q

T4 dermatome lies over the…

A

nipple

49
Q

T10 dermatome lies over the….

A

umbillicus

50
Q

what is the cervical plexus

A

C1-C4 anterior rami

51
Q

what does the cervical plexus supply

A

posterior scalp, neck wall and diaphragm

52
Q

what is the brachial plexus

A

C5-T1 anterior rami

53
Q

what does the brachial plexus supply

A

upper limb

54
Q

what is the lumbar plexus

A

L1-L4 anterior rami

55
Q

what does the lumbar plexus supply

A

lower limb

56
Q

what is the sacral plexus

A

L5-S4

57
Q

what does the sacral plexus supply

A

lower limb, gluteal region and perineum

58
Q

role of the anterior horn

A

transmits signals from the spinal chord to the muscles

59
Q

role of the posterior horn

A

process and relay sensory information to higher levels of the CNS

60
Q

what is another name for the sympathetic division of the ANS

A

fight or flight

61
Q

what is another name for the parasympathetic division of the ANS

A

rest and digest

62
Q

how do sympathetic axons leave the CNS

A

via spinal chord in anterior root/rootlets

63
Q

how do parasympathetic axons leave the CNS

A

via cranial nerves and sacral spinal nerves

64
Q

State the 3 types of joints

A

Synovial
Cartilaginous
Fibrous

65
Q

Pivot joints

A

> 45 degree rotation

66
Q

Ball and socket joints

A

Good ranges of multi-axial movement

67
Q

Plane joints

A

Minimal movement in one plane

68
Q

Hinge joints

A

Reasonable range of movement in one plane

69
Q

Biaxial joints

A

Reasonable ROM in one plane and less in another

70
Q

Give an example of a pivot joint

A

Atlanto-axial joint

71
Q

Give an example of a ball and socket joint

A

Hip joint

72
Q

Give an example of a plane joint

A

Acromioclavicular joint

73
Q

Give an example of a hinge joint

A

Elbow joint

74
Q

Give an example of a biaxial joint

A

Metacarpophalangeal joint

75
Q

Primary cartilaginous joints

A

Synchondroses

76
Q

Secondary cartilaginous joints

A

Symphyses

77
Q

State the 3 types of fibrous joints

A

Syndesmoses
Sutures
Fontanelles

78
Q

Syndesmoses

A

Unites bones with fibrous sheet

79
Q

Sutures

A

Between bones of the skull

80
Q

Fontanelles

A

Wide sutures in the neonatal skull

81
Q

Subluxation

A

Reduced area of contact between articular surfaces

82
Q

Dislocation

A

Complete loss of contact between articular surfaces

83
Q

Paralysis

A

A muscle without functioning motor nerve supply

84
Q

Spasticity

A

The muscle has an intact and functioning motor nerve but controls from the brain aren’t working

85
Q

Atrophy

A

Wasting muscles

86
Q

Hypertrophy

A

Muscle enlarges

foundations of medicine 2 (12 decks)

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