anatomy Flashcards
1
Q
role of spinal nerves
A
connect with the spinal chord
1
Q
what are the 2 main components of the central nervous system
A
brain + spinal chord
2
Q
role of cranial nerves
A
connect with the brain
3
Q
what is the basic unit of the nervous system
A
neurons
4
Q
what is a nucleus
A
collection of nerve cell bodies in the CNS
5
Q
what is a ganglion
A
collection of nerve cell bodies in the PNS
6
Q
another word for efferent
A
motor
7
Q
what do efferent nerves carry
A
action potential towards the body wall, cavity or organ
8
Q
another word for afferent
A
sensory
9
Q
what do afferent nerves carry
A
action potential towards the brain
10
Q
how many pairs of cranial nerves do we have
A
12
11
Q
mnemonic to remember cranial nerves
A
oh oh oh to touch and feel very green vegetables AH
12
Q
CN I
A
olfactory nerve
13
Q
CN II
A
optic nerve
14
Q
CN III
A
oculomotor nerve
15
Q
CN IV
A
trochlear nerve
16
Q
CN V
A
trigeminal nerve
17
Q
CN VI
A
abducent nerve
18
Q
CN VII
A
facial nerve
19
Q
CN VIII
A
vestibulocochlear nerve
20
Q
CN IX
A
glossopharyngeal nerve
21
Q
CN X
A
vagus nerve
22
Q
CN XI
A
spinal accessory nerve
23
Q
CN XII
A
hypoglossal nerve
24
mnemonic to remember the function of the cranial nerves
Some Say Money Matters, But My Brother Says Big Brains Matter More
25
what exits via the cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone
CN I
26
what exits via the optic canal
CN II
27
what exits via the superior orbital fissure
CN III, IV, V1, VI
28
what exits via the foramen rotundum
CN V2
29
what exits via the foramen ovale
CN V3
30
what exits via the internal acoustic meatus
CN VII, VIII
31
what exits via the jugular foramen
CN IX, X, XI
32
what exits via the hypoglossal canal
CN XII
33
what passes through the foramen magnum
the spinal chord
34
name the 4 segments of the spinal chord
cervical
thoracic
lumbar
sacral/coccygeal
35
how many cervical segments of the spinal chord do we have
8
36
how many thoracic segments of the spinal chord do we have
12
37
how many lumbar segments of the spinal chord do we have
5
38
how many sacral/coccygeal segments of the spinal chord do we have
6
39
how are spinal nerves named
according to the vertebrae above it
40
where does spinal nerve C8 exit
between C7 and T1
41
where does the spinal chord end
L1/L2 intervertebral disk level
42
what connects the spinal nerves with the spinal chord
roots and rootlets
43
what connects the spinal nerves with structures of the soma
rami
44
what do posterior rami supply
small posterior strip
45
what do anterior rami supply
the rest basically
46
where does motor innervation of the spinal nerves come from
anterior roots and rootlets
47
what are dermatomes
an area of the skin supplied by both the anterior and posterior rami of a spinal nerve
48
T4 dermatome lies over the...
nipple
49
T10 dermatome lies over the....
umbillicus
50
what is the cervical plexus
C1-C4 anterior rami
51
what does the cervical plexus supply
posterior scalp, neck wall and diaphragm
52
what is the brachial plexus
C5-T1 anterior rami
53
what does the brachial plexus supply
upper limb
54
what is the lumbar plexus
L1-L4 anterior rami
55
what does the lumbar plexus supply
lower limb
56
what is the sacral plexus
L5-S4
57
what does the sacral plexus supply
lower limb, gluteal region and perineum
58
role of the anterior horn
transmits signals from the spinal chord to the muscles
59
role of the posterior horn
process and relay sensory information to higher levels of the CNS
60
what is another name for the sympathetic division of the ANS
fight or flight
61
what is another name for the parasympathetic division of the ANS
rest and digest
62
how do sympathetic axons leave the CNS
via spinal chord in anterior root/rootlets
63
how do parasympathetic axons leave the CNS
via cranial nerves and sacral spinal nerves
64
State the 3 types of joints
Synovial
Cartilaginous
Fibrous
65
Pivot joints
>45 degree rotation
66
Ball and socket joints
Good ranges of multi-axial movement
67
Plane joints
Minimal movement in one plane
68
Hinge joints
Reasonable range of movement in one plane
69
Biaxial joints
Reasonable ROM in one plane and less in another
70
Give an example of a pivot joint
Atlanto-axial joint
71
Give an example of a ball and socket joint
Hip joint
72
Give an example of a plane joint
Acromioclavicular joint
73
Give an example of a hinge joint
Elbow joint
74
Give an example of a biaxial joint
Metacarpophalangeal joint
75
Primary cartilaginous joints
Synchondroses
76
Secondary cartilaginous joints
Symphyses
77
State the 3 types of fibrous joints
Syndesmoses
Sutures
Fontanelles
78
Syndesmoses
Unites bones with fibrous sheet
79
Sutures
Between bones of the skull
80
Fontanelles
Wide sutures in the neonatal skull
81
Subluxation
Reduced area of contact between articular surfaces
82
Dislocation
Complete loss of contact between articular surfaces
83
Paralysis
A muscle without functioning motor nerve supply
84
Spasticity
The muscle has an intact and functioning motor nerve but controls from the brain aren’t working
85
Atrophy
Wasting muscles
86
Hypertrophy
Muscle enlarges
