embryology

Question 1

name of weeks 0-3 of foetal development

Answer 1

conceptus

Question 2

name of weeks 3-8 of foetal development

Answer 2

embryonic period

Question 3

which period of time is most risk during foetal development

Answer 3

embryonic period

Question 4

name of weeks 9-40 of foetal development

Answer 4

foetal period

Question 5

what happens during the foetal period

Answer 5

mostly growth

Question 6

what are the 6 main stages of embryogenesis

Answer 6

gametogenesis
fertilisation
cleavage
gastrulation
formation of a body plan
organogenesis

Question 7

what is oogenesis

Answer 7

formation of female gametes

Question 8

when does oogenesis occur

Answer 8

starts in development in the embryo and ends at menopause

Question 9

what is spermatogenesis

Answer 9

formation of male gametes

Question 10

when does spermatogenesis occur

Answer 10

occurs at puberty and continues throughout life

Question 11

what is fertilisation

Answer 11

fusion of sperm and oocyte

Question 12

what is formed during fertilisation

Answer 12

a zygote

Question 13

what is cleavage

Answer 13

rapid mitotic cell division

Question 14

what is a morula

Answer 14

16-cell embryo

Question 15

describe the cells of the morula

Answer 15

totipotent

Question 16

what develops from the morula

Answer 16

blastocyst

Question 17

what are the 2 main parts of a blastocyst

Answer 17

embryoblast and trophoblast

Question 18

what is gastrulation

Answer 18

the movement of epiblast cells through the primitive streak to form 3 germ layers

Question 19

name the 3 germ layers

Answer 19

ectoderm
mesoderm
endoderm

Question 20

what does the ectoderm form

Answer 20

epidermis of the skin and the nervous system

Question 21

what are the 3 regions of mesoderm

Answer 21

paraxial
intermediate
lateral plate

Question 22

what does the endoderm form

Answer 22

lining of the gut tube, resp tract, bladder and urethra

Question 23

what does the intermediate mesoderm form

Answer 23

urogenital system

Question 24

what causes body axes to be established

Answer 24

presence of the primitive streak

Question 25

what happens during formation of a body plan

Answer 25

embryonic folding

Question 26

what is epigenetics

Answer 26

the preferential expression of either the maternal or paternal copy of a gene

Question 27

what causes angelman syndrome

Answer 27

deletion on maternal chromosome 15

Question 28

what causes prader-willi syndrome

Answer 28

deletion on paternal chromosome 15

Question 29

where does fertilisation occur

Answer 29

in the ampulla

Question 30

when does implantation typically occur

Answer 30

by day 6

Question 31

where does implantation occur

Answer 31

on the posterior or anterior uterine wall

Question 32

what is an ectopic pregnancy

Answer 32

implantation in a location outside of the uterus

Question 33

role of trophoblast

Answer 33

contacts with the endometrium and facilitates implantation and formation of the placenta

Question 34

role of the embryoblast

Answer 34

responsible for formation of the embryo

Question 35

role of the syncytio-trophoblast

Answer 35

produces hCG

Question 36

division of the embryo into which 2 cell layers occurs on day 7.5

Answer 36

epiblast and hypoblast

Question 37

what forms from the epiblast layer

Answer 37

amniotic cavity

Question 38

what forms from the hypoblast layer

Answer 38

primitive yolk sack

Question 39

when does the primitive streak appear in the midline

Answer 39

week 3

Question 40

where does the primary heart field arise from

Answer 40

visceral mesoderm

Question 41

what are the 5 dilatations of the heart tube

Answer 41

truncus arteriosus bulbus cordis ventricle atrium sinus venosus

Question 42

direction of blood flow through the primitive heart

Answer 42

caudal to cranial

Question 43

what does the truncus arteriosus form

Answer 43

aorta and pulmonary trunk

Question 44

what does the bulbus cordis form

Answer 44

parts of the ventricles

Question 45

when, during development, does the heart begin to loop and fold

Answer 45

day 23