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foundations of medicine 2 > embryology > Flashcards

embryology Flashcards

1
Q

name of weeks 0-3 of foetal development

A

conceptus

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2
Q

name of weeks 3-8 of foetal development

A

embryonic period

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3
Q

which period of time is most risk during foetal development

A

embryonic period

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4
Q

name of weeks 9-40 of foetal development

A

foetal period

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5
Q

what happens during the foetal period

A

mostly growth

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6
Q

what are the 6 main stages of embryogenesis

A

gametogenesis
fertilisation
cleavage
gastrulation
formation of a body plan
organogenesis

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7
Q

what is oogenesis

A

formation of female gametes

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8
Q

when does oogenesis occur

A

starts in development in the embryo and ends at menopause

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9
Q

what is spermatogenesis

A

formation of male gametes

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10
Q

when does spermatogenesis occur

A

occurs at puberty and continues throughout life

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11
Q

what is fertilisation

A

fusion of sperm and oocyte

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12
Q

what is formed during fertilisation

A

a zygote

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13
Q

what is cleavage

A

rapid mitotic cell division

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14
Q

what is a morula

A

16-cell embryo

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15
Q

describe the cells of the morula

A

totipotent

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16
Q

what develops from the morula

A

blastocyst

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17
Q

what are the 2 main parts of a blastocyst

A

embryoblast and trophoblast

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18
Q

what is gastrulation

A

the movement of epiblast cells through the primitive streak to form 3 germ layers

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19
Q

name the 3 germ layers

A

ectoderm
mesoderm
endoderm

20
Q

what does the ectoderm form

A

epidermis of the skin and the nervous system

21
Q

what are the 3 regions of mesoderm

A

paraxial
intermediate
lateral plate

22
Q

what does the endoderm form

A

lining of the gut tube, resp tract, bladder and urethra

23
Q

what does the intermediate mesoderm form

A

urogenital system

24
Q

what causes body axes to be established

A

presence of the primitive streak

25
Q

what happens during formation of a body plan

A

embryonic folding

26
Q

what is epigenetics

A

the preferential expression of either the maternal or paternal copy of a gene

27
Q

what causes angelman syndrome

A

deletion on maternal chromosome 15

28
Q

what causes prader-willi syndrome

A

deletion on paternal chromosome 15

29
Q

where does fertilisation occur

A

in the ampulla

30
Q

when does implantation typically occur

A

by day 6

31
Q

where does implantation occur

A

on the posterior or anterior uterine wall

32
Q

what is an ectopic pregnancy

A

implantation in a location outside of the uterus

33
Q

role of trophoblast

A

contacts with the endometrium and facilitates implantation and formation of the placenta

34
Q

role of the embryoblast

A

responsible for formation of the embryo

35
Q

role of the syncytio-trophoblast

A

produces hCG

36
Q

division of the embryo into which 2 cell layers occurs on day 7.5

A

epiblast and hypoblast

37
Q

what forms from the epiblast layer

A

amniotic cavity

38
Q

what forms from the hypoblast layer

A

primitive yolk sack

39
Q

when does the primitive streak appear in the midline

A

week 3

40
Q

where does the primary heart field arise from

A

visceral mesoderm

41
Q

what are the 5 dilatations of the heart tube

A

truncus arteriosus
bulbus cordis
ventricle
atrium
sinus venosus

42
Q

direction of blood flow through the primitive heart

A

caudal to cranial

43
Q

what does the truncus arteriosus form

A

aorta and pulmonary trunk

44
Q

what does the bulbus cordis form

A

parts of the ventricles

45
Q

when, during development, does the heart begin to loop and fold

A

day 23

foundations of medicine 2 (12 decks)

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