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(DIT) Rapid Fire + 4/5 Stars > Anatomy > Flashcards

Anatomy Flashcards

(70 cards)

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1
Q

Carpals

A

“So long to pink, here comes the thumb” (proximal then distal)

Scaphoid, lunate, triquetrium, pisiform
hamate, capitate, trapezoid, trapezium

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2
Q

Radial Nerve motor innervation

A 
Motor:  "BEST"
Triceps brachii (medial and lateral head) - extend forearm

Deep branch of radial n.:
Brachioradialis (flexes forearm, supinates, pronates)
Extensor carpi radialis longus (extends wrist)
Supinator (supinates)

Posterior interosseous n.:
-Extensor digitorum, extensor pollicis longus + other extensors (extend wrist and digits)

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3
Q

Radial n. sensation

A

posterior arm

dorsal side of hand

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4
Q

Ulnar N motor innervation

A

Flexor carpi lunaris - flex and adduct wrist
Flexor digitorum profundus - flex and adduct fingers

Hypothenar m. - control hand and 5th digit
3rd and 4th lumbricals - flex at MCP and extend IP joints
Interosseous - abducts and adducts digits
Adductor pollicis - adducts thumb

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5
Q

Ulnar N. sensation

A

5th digit and half of 4th digit

medial side of palm and dorsal hand

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6
Q

Median N. motor innervation

A

Thenar ms: Abductor policies brevis, opponents pollicis, flexor pollicis brevis

Pronator teres and protector quadrates - pronate hand
Flexor carpi radialis and palmaris longus - flex forearm
Flexor digitorum superficial and lateral half of flexor digitorum profundus - flex wrist and digits
Flexor pollicis longus - flexes thumb
1st and 2nd lumbricals - flex MCP joints and extend IP joints

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7
Q

Median N. sensation

A

Lateral palm

First 3/12 digits and dorsal nailbeds

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8
Q

Musculocutaneous motor innervation

A

coracobrachialis, biceps, brachial - flex and supinate forearm

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9
Q

Musculocutaneous sensation

A

lateral side of forearm

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10
Q

Axillary motor innervation

A

deltoid - abducts shoulder
Long head of triceps - extends forearm
Teres minor - externally rotates arm

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11
Q

Axillary sensation

A

lateral shoulder

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12
Q

Long thoracic motor innervation

A

serratus anterior - holds scapula to thorax, abduction beyond 90 degrees

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13
Q

Long thoracic sensory innervation

A

NONE

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14
Q

Femoral n. motor innervation

A

psoas, iliaques, pectineus, sartorius - hip flexion

vastus lateralis, vastus intermedis, vastus medialis, rectus femoris - knee extension

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15
Q

Femoral n. sensation

A

anterior thigh

medial lower leg

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16
Q

Obturator n. motor innervation

A

adductor magnus, adductor longus, adductor brevis - hip adduction

Gracilis - knee flexion

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17
Q

Obturator n. sensation

A

medial thigh

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18
Q

Superior gluteal n. motor innervation

A

tensor fascia latae, gluteus medium, gluteus minimus - hip abduction, medial rotation

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19
Q

Superior gluteal n. sensation

A

NONE

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20
Q

Inferior gluteal n. motor innervation

A

gluteus maximus - hip extension and lateral rotation

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21
Q

inferior gluteal n. sensation

A

NONE

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22
Q

Sciatic nerve motor innervation

A

biceps femoris (tibial branch), semitendinosus, semimembranosus, adductor magnus - hip extension and knee flexion

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23
Q

Sciatic nerve sensation

A

posterior thighs and gluteal regions

entire lower leg except medial aspect

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24
Q

Tibial n. motor innervation

A

tibialis posterior - inversion of foot
gastrocnemius, soles, plantaris - plantar flexion
Popliteus - unlocks knee
Flexor hallucis longus, flexor digitorum longus - toe flexion

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25
Tibial n sensation
sole of foot back of calf - sural n. tibial --> sural n. --> Medial and lateral plantar n.
26
Common fibular n. motor innervation
fibrularis longus, fibularis brevis, short head of biceps femoris
27
Common fibular n. sensation
lateral lower leg | dorsal side of foot
28
Deep fibular nerve motor innervation
fibularis tertius - foot eversion | Tibialis anterior, extensor hallucis longus, extensor digitorum longus - foot dorsiflexion
29
Deep fibular nerve sensation
webbing between 1st and 2nd digits
30
Diagram arteries of the leg
page 102
31
Merkel nerve endings
myelinated slowly adapting receptors static pressure, texture, position sense skin layers - finger tips hairy skin and hair follicles look like melanocytes under microscope
32
Meissner corpuscles
myelinated, rapidly adaptive receptors light touch, dynamic changes fingertips just beneath epidermis - superficial
33
Ruffini endings
slowly adapting receptors sense skin stretch, position sense - control of finger position and movement subcutaneous tissue spindle shaped
34
Pacinian (lamellar) corpuscles
myelinated, rapidly adapting Vibration and dynamic pressure deeper tissues onion like under microscope
35
Free nerve endings - Adelta
myelinated - very fast sharp prickly pain cold temp Epidermis
36
Free nerve endings - Group C nerve fiber
unmyelinated, slow transmission ANS - post ganglionic fibers burning/dull pain - neuropathic warmth
37
Peripheral nerve layers
Epineurium - outside, dense connective tissue holding blood vessels Perineurium- surround nerve fascicles Endoneurium - surrounds individual nerve fibers
38
Schwann cells
peripheral n. myelination glia - support neurons only myelinated one peripheral axon saltitory conduction
39
Layers of GI (lumen to outer)
Mucosa 1. lamina propria 2. muscular mucosa Submucosa - contains messier plexus Muscular externa 1. circular m. 2. Auerbach (myenteric) plexus 3. Longitudinal m. Serosa
40
Muscle of esophagus
upper 1/3 sk.m. middle 1/3 sk.m. and sm.m. Lower 1/3 sm.m.
41
Structure of spleen
Has a capsule Red pulp - RBCs White pulp (darker) - WBCs, lymphocytes dominate -has central artery -PALS (periarterial lymphatic sheath) contains T cells Marginal zone between the white and red pulp contain APCs
42
Gastrocolic ligament
greater curvature of stomach to transverse colon
43
Ligaments cut in splenectomy
1. gastrosplenic ligament - greater curvature of stomach to spleen 2. splenorenal ligament - spleen to posterior abdominal wall and wall of peritoneal cavity
44
Gastrohepatic ligament
lesser curvature of stomach to liver cut through to access lesser sac Contiguous w/ hepatoduodenal ligament
45
Hepatoduodenal ligament
contains portal triad - hepatic A. - common bile duct - portal v. can compress to control bleeding during surgery
46
Falciform ligament
liver to anterior abdominal wall
47
Retroperitoneal structures
"A DUCK PEAR" ``` Adrenal glands Duodenum - parts 2-4 Urethers Colon - ascending and descending Kidneys Pancreas - except tail Aorta and IVC Rectum ```
48
Proximal to pectinate line
internal hemorrhoids - no sensation, not painful, can bleed - tx: outpt banding Superior rectal A. off IMA Venous to superior rectal v. adenocarcinomas
49
Distal to pectinate line
External hemorrhoids - very paifnul squamous cell cancer - HPV 16, 18, 31 Inferior rectal A off internal pudendal a. Venous --> inferior rectal v --> internal pudendal Somatic innervation
50
Portal triad
branches of portal v. hepatic a. - flowing away | bile ductule - flowing toward it
51
Bile path
bile ductule -->. R/L hepatic duct --> common hepatic duct --> cystic duct --> gallbladder --> common bile duct --> ampula of Vater
52
Structures transversing diaphragm and vertebral levels
"I 8 ten eggs aat 12" T8: IVC T10: esophagus, vagus T12: aorta, azygous v., thoracic duct
53
Conducting zone of airway
``` nose pharynx trachea bronchi bronchiole terminal bronchioles ``` No gas exchange Anatomical deadspace filters, warms, humidifies air
54
Respiratory zone of airway
alveoli Alveolar ducts respiratory bronchioles
55
Right vs left lung
Right: 3 lobes MC inhaled or aspirated FB -right mainstem bronchus wider and more vertical Left: 2 lobes lingula
56
Bronchopulmonary segment
broncush pulmonary a. bronchial a. Arteries are center of segment, venous drainage at periphery 10 in right: 3 upper, 2 middle, 5 lower 8-10 in left: 4-5 in each lobe Segments separated by layer of connective tissue -each discrete anatomical and functional unit can be surgically removed w/o affecting function of other segments
57
Anatomical vs physiological dead space
anatomical: conducting zone - normal physiologic: anatomic dead space + pathology in respiratory zone causing no gas exchange
58
Type 1 pneumocytes
simple squamous epithelial cells 97% surface - walls of alveoli gas exchange susceptible to toxic insults, unable to replicate
59
Type 2 pneumocytes
larger, cuboidal alveolar septal junction 3% of alveolar surface secrete surfactant: dipalmitoyl phophotidylcholine - prevents atelectasis - decrease surface tension replicate after lung damage - replace or transform to type I
60
Uterine layers
Perimetrium - serosal layer Myometrium - muscle layer Endometrium - lining
61
Endometrial layers
``` Inner --> superficial stratum basalis - does not shed Stratum functionalis 1. stratum spongiosum 2. stratum compactum ```
62
Proliferative endometrium
glands straight and tubular stroma dense estrogen driven
63
Secretory endometrium
Glands dilated and tortuous -corkscrew shaped stroma loos and edematous progesterone driven
64
Menstrual endometrium
fragmentation of glands | stroma breaking up
65
Umbilical cord
two umbilical arteries (deoxygenated blood) one umbilical vein (oxygenated) surrounded by wharton's jelly
66
Layers of heart
Endocardium Myocardium Pericardium Perfused peri to endo
67
Glomerular blood flow
Renal a -> hilum -> renal cortex -> glomeruli Afferent a -> glomerular capillaries within bowman’s capsule -> efferent a.
68
Glomerular filtration barrier
Capillary endothelium – fenestrated Basement membrane – charged, prevents protein from leaving capillaries Podocyte foot processes from bowman’s capsule – visceral layer
69
Collecting duct system and ureters
Distal end of nephron -> collecting tubules -> medullary pyramids -> renal pelvis -> ureters Ureters run retroperitoneally Join bladder at ureterovesicular junction (UVJ) – common site for renal stone obstruction Ureters pass under uterine A/vas deferens “Water under the bridge”
70
JG cell renin secretion
B1-adrenergic stimulation Low Na+ in distal convulated tubule Low pressure in afferent arteriole

(DIT) Rapid Fire + 4/5 Stars (162 decks)

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