anatomy Flashcards
(129 cards)
1
Q
jaw opening occurs at
A
temporal mandibular joint
2
Q
muscle involved in jaw opening
A
lateral pterygoid
3
Q
jaw closing muscle
A
masseyter attaches to zygomatic bone
4
Q
what prevents jaw from dislocating
A
articular tubercle
5
Q
muscles of mouth all supplied by
A
CN V3 - trigeminal nerve
6
Q
course of CN V3
from
through
to
A
from pons
through foramen ovale (in sphenoid)
to muscle of mastication and sensory area
7
Q
what is between teeth and lips
A
= vestibule
8
Q
what are gums called
A
gingiva
9
Q
how many teeth in adult
A
32
10
Q
how many teeth in each quadrant
A
8
11
Q
teeth 1 + 2 called
A
incisors
12
Q
tooth 3 called
A
canine
13
Q
teeth 4 + 5 called
A
pre molars
14
Q
teeth 6-8
A
molars
15
Q
tooth 8 called
A
wisdom tooth
16
Q
upper oral cavity sensation via
A
CN V2
17
Q
lower oral cavity sensation via
A
CN V3
18
Q
course of CN. V2
A
from pons
through foramen rotundum
to sensory area (mid face)
19
Q
what is general sensation of tongue via
A
CN V3
20
Q
anterior 2/3 tongue sensation via
A
CN V2
21
Q
posterior 1/3 tongue sensation via
A
CN IX
22
Q
what is the facial nerve
A
7
23
Q
course of CN IX
A
from medulla
through jugular foramen
to oropharynx, parotid gland and tongue (posterior)
24
Q
course of CN XII
A
from medulla
through. hypoglossal canal
to intrinsic and extrinsic tongue
25
what prevents drooling
orbicularis oris
26
visceral pain
- location ?
- characteristics ?
- from?
hard to localise
tends to be dull, achy and nauseating
from an organ
27
somatic pain
- location ?
- characteristics ?
- from?
easier to localise
sharp and stabbing
from body wall
28
where do sympathetic nerves leave spinal cord
T5-L2
29
what do visceral afferent run alongside
sympathetic nerve fibres
30
foregut structure enter spinal cord at
T6-T9
31
midgut structure enter spinal cord at
T8-T12
32
hindgut structure enter spinal cord at
T10-L2
33
bilirubin is by product of
red blood cell break down
34
where does break down of red blood cells occur
spleen
35
what is bilirubin used for
to form bile in liver
36
what is portal triad
hepatic artery
hepatic vein
common bile duct
37
what is first midline branch of abdominal aorta
coeliac artery
38
where does coeliac artery arise
T12
39
what does coeliac tree supply
foregut
40
coeliac tree trifurcates into
- splenic artery
- hepatic artery
- left gastric artery
41
spleen function
break down of red blood cells
42
spleen protected by
ribs 9-11
43
stomach blood supply
right and left gastric arteries
| right and left gastro-mental arteries
44
liver blood supply
hepatic artery
| hepatic portal vein
45
what does liver convert
bilirubin to bile
46
liver protected by
ribs 7-11
47
how many segments does liver have
4
48
how many functional segments does liver have
8
49
name of 4 liver segments
right lobe
left lobe
caudate lobe
quadrate lobe
50
what does splenic vein do
drains blood from foregut to hepatic portal vein
51
what does inferior mesenteric vein do
drains blood from hindgut to splenic vein
52
what does superior mesenteric vein do
drains blood from midgut to hepatic portal vein
53
gallbladder stores
bile inbetween meals
54
how does bile flow from gallbladder
via the cystic duct
55
what is blood supply to gallbladder
via cystic artery
56
what is jaundice
yellowing of the sclera/skin
57
what causes jaundice
an increase in blood levels of bilirubin
58
what unite to form bile duct
right and left hepatic duct
59
where does bile duct drain
2nd part of duodenum
60
what joins to form ampulla of vater
bile duct and pancreatic duct
61
parts of pancreas
head
neck
body
tail
62
function of pancreas
exocrine - pancreatic enzymes
| endocrine - islet of langerhans
63
where does pancreatic pain radiate
to the back
64
what does small intestine secrete in duodenum
gastrin
| CCK
65
mucosa in jejunum
highly folded
66
mucosa in ileum
smooth
67
what does rectum store
faeces until appropriate to defecate
68
what senses fullness of rectum
visceral afferents
69
muscle in pelvic floor
levator ani
70
what covers superior rectum
peritoneum
71
contraction of external sphincter by
pudendal nerve
72
where is pudendal nerve
S2,3,4,
73
pudendal nerve exits pelvis via
greater sciatic foramen
74
during labour what causes faecal incontinence
pudendal nerve stretched or torn
75
what is pectinate line
junction between embryo in GI tract and part that formed skin
76
what is a rectal varices
dilation of colorectal veins
77
what is haemorrhoid
prolapses of rectal vein plexus
| due to raised pressure e.g. constipation, pregnancy
78
what is splenic flexure
between transverse and descending colon
| higher than hepatic flexure
79
where does caecum and appendix lie
RIF
80
where exactly is appendix located
McBurneys point
| 1/3 way between umbilicus and iliac spine
81
where is sigmoid colon located
LIF
82
what is a feature of sigmoid colon
long mesentery
83
what are the midline branches of abdominal aorta
- coeliac trunk (foregut organs)
- superior mesenteric artery (midgut)
- inferior mesenteric artery (hindgut)
84
what does abdominal aorta bifurcate into
common iliac
| internal and external iliac
85
what is haematemesis
vomiting up blood
86
what does haematemesis usually come from
peptic ulcer
| oesophageal varices
87
hepatic portal
drains blood form absorptive part to liver for cleaning
88
systemic venous system
drains blood from all other organs to superior or inferior vena cava
89
splenic vein
drains blood from foregut to hepatic portal vein
90
superior mesenteric vein
drains blood form midgut to hepatic portal vein
91
inferior mesenteric vein
drains blood from hindgut
92
what can portal hypertension cause
varicose veins due to larger volume of blood thorough them causing them to dilate
93
what is a hernia
any structure passing through another ending up in the wrong place
94
muscles from superficial to deep
- external oblique
- internal oblique
- transversus abdominus
95
what is entrance of inguinal canal
deep inguinal ring
96
exit of inguinal canal
superficial inguinal ring
97
what does inguinal canal contains
- spermatic cord - males
- round ligament of uterus - female
- blood and lymphatic vessels
- ilioinguinal nerve
98
what occur week 7 in formation of inguinal canal
- descend of testes to scrotum
| goes through all 3 muscle types
99
what is gubernaculum
shorter and contracts connects testis to skin of body wall
100
week 12 formation of inguinal canal
gubernaculum contracts and peritoneum follows causing a dip
101
9th month formation of inguinal canal
vaginal process has descended to skin beside testis
102
what is testis sensitive to
heat
103
layers abdominal wall to spermatic cord layers
SUPERFICIAL
- subcutaneous tissue becomes dartos muscle
- external oblique becomes external spermatic fascia
- internal oblique becomes cremaster muscle
- fascia of deep surfaces becomes cremasteric fascia
- transversus abdomens becomes noting
- transversals fascia becomes internal spermatic cord
- peritoneum becomes vestige of processes vaginalis
DEEP
104
what is hesselbachs triangle
inguinal triangle
105
what is hesselbachs triangle site of
direct inguinal herniation
106
what is site of indirect inguinal herniation
deep inguinal rings
107
what is the tongue split into
- anterior 2/3
| - posterior 1/3
108
what is the intrinsic muscle of the tongue
CN XII - hypoglossal nerve
109
what supplies taste at anterior 2/3
CN V3 - mandibular branch of the trigeminal
110
what supplies taste at posterior 1/3
CN VII facial nerve (chorda tympani branch)
111
where does the oesophagus run
posterior to the trachea and anterior to the vertebral column
112
what are the layers of muscle in oesophagus
- outer longitudinal
| - inner circular
113
what innervates the diaphragm
C3,4,5 = phrenic
114
what is aponeurosis
big flattened tendon
115
what is hiatus
holes
116
where is caval hiatus
T8
117
what level is oesophageal hiatus
T10
118
what level is aortic hiatus
T12
119
in males where would ascites drain
rectovesical pouch
120
where does greater omentum come off
greater curvature
121
what does lesser omentum atttach
liver to stomach at lesser curvature
122
what do parietal cells secrete
- gastric acid (HCl)
| - intrinsic factor (B12 absorption)
123
what do G cells secrete
gastrin
124
what does gastrin do
stimulates parietal cells to secrete HCl
125
what does chief cells secrete
pepsin
126
where does coeliac artery come off at
T12
127
what level does superior mesenteric artery come off at
L1
128
what level does inferior mesenteric artery come off
L3
129
where does the inferior mesenteric vein drain to
the splenic vein and hepatic portal vein
