ulcerative colitis

Question 1

what is it

Answer 1

chronic inflammatory disorder confined to colon and rectum

Question 2

caused by

Answer 2

• genetics

- NSAIDs

Question 3

what decreases risk

Answer 3

smoking

appendectomy

Question 4

what is it called when it just affects rectum

Answer 4

proctitis

Question 5

what is it called when it affects whole colon

Answer 5

extensive colitis

Question 6

what does mucosa look like

Answer 6

red and inflamed

Question 7

does mucosa bleed easily

Answer 7

yes

Question 8

are polyps present

Answer 8

yes

Question 9

is there ulceration

Answer 9

yes

Question 10

can the mucosa return. to normal

Answer 10

yes but scarring likely

Question 11

what is there a depletion of

Answer 11

goblet cells

Question 12

what are serological test for

Answer 12

anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA)

Question 13

what is main symptom

Answer 13

diarrhoea with blood and mucus

Question 14

Where is there discomfort

Answer 14

lower abdomen

Question 15

what are general features

Answer 15

• malaise
• lethargy
• anorexia
• weight loss

Question 16

what is proctitis characterised by

Answer 16

frequent passage of blood and mucus

Question 17

symptoms of an acute attack on left side

Answer 17

bloody diarrhoea passing up to 10-20 liquid stools a day

Question 18

what is a serious complication

Answer 18

toxic megacolon

Question 19

what’s required for toxic megacolon

Answer 19

urgent surgery

Question 20

what is rectal exam shows

Answer 20

blood

Question 21

pANCA result

Answer 21

positive

Question 22

what is gold standard

Answer 22

colonoscopy

Question 23

1st line treatment

Answer 23

5 ASA

Question 24

is onset fast or slow

Answer 24

fast - number of weeks

Question 25

are granulomas present

Answer 25

no

Question 26

are crypts regular

Answer 26

no - irregular

Question 27

what are at the base of crypts

Answer 27

plasma cells

Question 28

complications

Answer 28

- toxic megacolon - colorectal carcinoma - primary sclerosing cholangitis - blood loss

Question 29

what is required for toxic megacolon

Answer 29

surgical emergency

Question 30

what scoring system is used

Answer 30

MUST score

Question 31

what antibodies are checked for

Answer 31

pANCA

Question 32

what would be seen on endoscopy

Answer 32

psuedopolyps

Question 33

what is given for a flare up

Answer 33

prednisolone

Question 34

what has to be monitored in azathioprine

Answer 34

- bone marrow suppression - hepatitis - pancreatitis