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From Flashcardlet > anatomy chapter (2) 9/9/15 > Flashcards

anatomy chapter (2) 9/9/15 Flashcards

0
Q

Amount of substance

A

Mass

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1
Q

Anything that has weight and takes up space

A

Matter

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2
Q

How heavy it is

A

Weight

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3
Q

Matter is composed of fundamental substances called

A

Elements

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4
Q

Examples of metal elements

A

Iron
Silver
Gold
Aluminum

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5
Q

Examples of element gases

A

Oxygen
hydrogen
nitrogen

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6
Q

How many elements does the living organisms require

A

20

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7
Q

What elements make up 95% of the human body

A

Oxygen
nitrogen
carbon
hydrogen

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8
Q

What are the smallest complete units of elements

A

Atoms

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9
Q

The central portion of an atom

A

Nucleus

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10
Q

What constantly moves around the nucleus

A

Electrons

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11
Q

The nucleus contains large particles called what

A

Protons

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12
Q

Also in the nucleus there about the same size as protons

A

Neutrons

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13
Q

Has a positive charge

A

Protons

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14
Q

Has a negative charge

A

Electrons

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15
Q

Has a neutral charge

A

Neutrons

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16
Q

What kind of charges the nucleus originally have

A

Positive

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17
Q

When the number of ______ equals the number of _____ in a complete atom the charge is ______

A

Electrons
protons
neutral

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18
Q

Number of protons of a particular element is the elements

A

Atomic number

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19
Q

The number of protons and neutrons in the atoms nucleus of an element is the

A

Atomic weight

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20
Q

Atoms of the same atomic number but different atomic weights are

A

Isotopes

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21
Q

Isotopes maybe ______ or may have _____ atomic nuclei that ______

A

Stable
unstable
decompose

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22
Q

Unstable isotopes are what

A

Radioactive

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23
Q

What are three common forms of radioactive isotopes

A

Alpha
Beta
Gamma

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24
Q

The time it takes a radioactive isotope to lose one half of this radioactivity is called it’s

A

Half-life

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25
Q

The most common radioactive isotope is what

A

Cobalt 60

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26
Q

When atoms attached to other items they form

A

Chemical bonds

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27
Q

When Adams form bonds they either ____ ____ ______ electrons

A

Gain
lose
share

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28
Q

Electrons occupy one or more _____around the nucleus

A

Electron shells

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29
Q

When the atomic number is 18 what are the numbers for the first three shells it can hold

A

2
8
8

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30
Q

If it turns out to energy level is filled it is said to be

A

Stable

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31
Q

What is another word for stable

A

Inert

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32
Q

When atoms gain or lose electrons to become electrically charged they are called

A

Ions

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33
Q

Bonds where atoms gain or lose electrons are called

A

Ionic bonds

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34
Q

Bonds where atoms share electrons are called

A

Covalent bonds

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35
Q

A bond where electrons are not shared equally so one and is slightly negative and one into slightly positive

A

Polar bond

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36
Q

An example of a polar molecule

A

Water

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37
Q

When two or more atoms of the same bond form what

A

Molecules

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38
Q

When atoms of different elements bond they form

A

Compounds

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39
Q

Two examples of a compound

A

Water

carbon dioxide

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40
Q

Shows the number and types of atoms in a molecule

H2O

A

Molecular formula

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41
Q

Shows how these items are arranged in various molecules

H-O-H

A

Structural formula

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42
Q

Form or break bonds between atoms

A

Chemical reactions

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43
Q

Two or more atoms combine to form a more complex structure

H2+O —-> H2O

A

Synthesis reaction

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44
Q

Complex atoms break to form simple structures

H2O—–> H2+ O

A

Decomposition reactions

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45
Q

Parts of two different types of molecules trade positions as bonds are broken and new bonds are formed
AB+CD—> AD+BC

A

Exchange reaction

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46
Q

The product of the reaction can change back to the reactant

A+B<—- _____> AB

A

Reversible reaction

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47
Q

Anything that changes the rate of a reaction (usually speeds it up)

A

Catalyst

48
Q

Substances that release ions in water are called

A

Electrolytes

49
Q

Electrolytes that release hydrogen ions in water

A

Acids

50
Q

What element/letter indicates that it is an acid

A

H

51
Q

Electrolytes that release ions that bond with hydrogen ions are called

A

Bases

52
Q

What element/letters let you know that it is a base

A

OH

53
Q

The concentration of hydrogen ions is measured by using a value called

A

pH

54
Q

What is the range of the pH scale

A

0 to 14

55
Q

PH less than seven is said to be

A

Acidic

56
Q

PH more than seven is said to be

A

Basic

57
Q

Another word for basic is

A

Alkaline

58
Q

What pH range is neutral

A

Seven

59
Q

Chemicals that resist pH change

A

Buffers

60
Q

Chemicals that include both ____ and ____ are called_____

A

Carbon
hydrogen
organic

61
Q

Inorganic chemicals are ____ because they release ions when dissolved in water

A

Electrolytes

62
Q

Inorganic substances in cells are

A

Water
oxygen
carbon dioxide
salts

63
Q

The most abundant compound the living material

A

Water

64
Q

Water is a _____because many substances dissolved in it

A

Solvent

65
Q

A substance dissolved in water is the

A

Solute

66
Q

Organic substances include

A 
Carbohydrates 
sugars
lipids 
proteins
nucleic acid
67
Q

Carbohydrates sugars lipids proteins and nucleic acid’s are referred to as

A

Macromolecules

68
Q

What type of chains do sugars have

A

Short

69
Q

What are simple sugars called

A

Monosaccharides

70
Q

2 simple sugars

A

Glucose and fructose

71
Q

What is one difference between unsaturated and saturated fats

A

Unsaturated fat have a double bond

72
Q

Double bonds and are liquid at room temperature (oil)

A

Unsaturated fat

73
Q

Solids at room temperature(butter)

A

Saturated fat

74
Q

Organic substances that are insoluble in water but soluble in the ether and chloroform

A

Lipids

75
Q

Lipids include

A

Fat
phospholipids
steroids

76
Q

Used primarily to store energy for cellular activity

A

Fats

77
Q

The building blocks for fat molecules are

A

Fatty acid

glycerol

78
Q

Is an important steroid

A

Cholesterol

79
Q

Important lipids

A

Triglycerides

phospholipid

80
Q

Amino acids are made up of what two groups

A

Amino group - NH2

carboxyl group-COOH

81
Q

Amino acids are the building blocks of what

A

Proteins

82
Q

3-D shape of a protein that determines its function

A

Conformation

83
Q

Form jeans and take part in protein synthesis

A

Nucleic acids

84
Q

The building blocks of nucleic acid

A

Nucleotides

85
Q

Two types of nucleic acid

A

DNA

RNA

86
Q

The order of structures of protein

A

Primary
secondary
tertiary
quaternary

87
Q

What protein structure is coiled

A

Tertiary

88
Q

What is the first picture of the chapter

A

Periodic table

89
Q

True or false

The human body is composed of chemicals

A

True

90
Q

The substance that constitute all matter are called

A

Elements

91
Q

What four elements are most plentiful in the human body

A

CHON

92
Q

And atom is made of

A

Nucleus
protons
neutrons
electrons

93
Q

The atomic number of an element is determined by the number of

A

Protons

94
Q

When atoms combined they gain or lose

A

Electrons

95
Q

An element is in active if

A

The outershell is full

96
Q

If an atom is electrically charged, gained an electron or has lost an electron it is

A

Ion

97
Q

And ionic bond is created by

A

Positive and negative ions attract and each other

98
Q

Informing a covalent bond electrons are

A

Shared by two atoms

99
Q

Water is formed by molecules of hydrogen and oxygen united by a what bond

A

Polar

100
Q

Two major types of chemical reactions are called

A

Synthesis and decomposition

101
Q

An atom or a molecule that affects the rate of a reaction without being consumed by the reaction is called

A

Catalyst

102
Q

Water is

A

Inorganic

103
Q

Carbohydrates are

A

Organic

104
Q

Glucose is

A

Organic

105
Q

Oxygen is

A

Inorganic

106
Q

Proteins are

A

Organic

107
Q

Fats are

A

Organic

108
Q

Carbohydrate molecules contain atoms of

A

Carbon
hydrogen
oxygen

109
Q

The function of a nucleic acid is to

A

Store information in control life processes

110
Q

List 11 major elements

A 
Oxygen           Chlorine  
carbon            Sodium 
hydrogen        Magnesium 
nitrogen 
calcium 
phosphorus 
potassium 
sulfur
111
Q

List 8 trace elements

A 
Chromium 
cobalt 
copper 
Fluorine 
Iodine 
Iron
Manganese 
Zinc
112
Q

List 7 acidic things

A 
Gastric juice (2)
Apple juice (3)
Tomato juice (4.2)
Cabbage (5.3)
Cows milk (6.6)
Human blood(7.4)
Sodium bicarbonate (8.4)
113
Q

List 5 basic/alkaline things

A 
Corn (6)
distilled water (7)
Egg white (8)
milk of magnesia (10.5)
household ammonia(11.5)
114
Q

Each oblong shaped in this polypeptide CHAIN represents an amino acid molecule
(CHAIN)

A

Primary structure

115
Q

The polypeptide chain of a protein molecule is often either PLEADED or TWISTED to form a coil
(PLEADED/TWISTED)

A

Secondary structure

116
Q

The pleated and COILED polypeptide chain of a protein molecule forms into a unique three-dimensional structure
(COILED)

A

Tertiary

117
Q

Two or more polypeptide chains may be CONNECTED to form a single protein molecule
(CONNECTED)

A

Quaternary structure

118
Q

Side chain of the amino acid

A

R group

“Rest of the molecule”

From Flashcardlet (51 decks)

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