Anatomy Exam 2 Upper extemities Flashcards
(108 cards)
1
Q
Define Axilla
A
The area between the chest wall and the proximal upper arm
2
Q
Define the course of the left subclavian artery
A
Arises from the aortic arch and is continuous with the Axillary artery
3
Q
Course of the Right Subclavian artery
A
Arises from the brachiocephalic trunk and is continuous with the R axillary artery
4
Q
Brachial artery bifurcates into ?
A
Radial and Ulnar
5
Q
Define vena comitantes
A
Vins which lie beside and aretery, usually found in pairs. The arterial pulsations aid in venous return
6
Q
Superficial veins of the arm
A
- Cephalic
- Basilic
- Median Cubital
7
Q
Deep veins of the arm
A
- Axillary
- Subclavian
- Brachial
- Vena Comitantes
8
Q
Course of the cephalic vein
A
Lateral aspect of the arm. Drains into the Axillary vein (at the shoulder)
9
Q
Course of the Basilic Vein
A
Medial aspect of the arm. Drains into the brachial vain (midshaft of the humerus)
10
Q
the Course of Median Cubital vein
A
Communication between the cephalic and basilica veins
11
Q
Course of the axillary vein
A
Begins at the inferior border of the teres major and drains into the subclavian vein
12
Q
course of the Subclavian vein
A
Arises from the Axillary vein. Drains into the brachiocephalic vein
13
Q
Course of the Brachial Vein
A
Arises from the radial and ulnar veins (venae comitantes). Drains into the Axillary Vein
14
Q
Course of the venae comitantes
A
Deep Radial and Ulnar veins which drain into the Brachial Vein.
15
Q
Axillary nerve site of vulnerability
A
Neck of the humerus
16
Q
Radial nerve site of vulnerability
A
Midshaft of the humerus
17
Q
Ulnar nerve site of vulnerability
A
Medial epicondyle
18
Q
Proximal Attachments of the Deltoid muscle
A
- Clavicle
- Acromion
- Spine of scapula
19
Q
Distal attachments of the Deltoid
A
- Deltoid tuberosity
20
Q
Action of the deltoid muscle
A
- Primary abductor of the arm at the shoulder joint
- Flexion and extension of the arm
21
Q
Nerve supply of the deltoid muscle
A
Axillary nerve (C5-C6)
22
Q
Course of the axillary nerve
A
- Travels through the quadrangular space
- Accompanies posterior circumflex humeral artery and vein
23
Q
Function of the axillary nerve
A
Motor innervation to deltoid and teres minor (rotator cuff muscle), sensory innervation to shoulder joint and skin overlying deltoid
24
Q
Implications of damage to the axillary nerve
A
weak arm and shoulder abduction, impaired sensations, shoulder contour loss
25
Base of the Axilla
- Axillary fascia
| - Skin of the armpit
26
Apex of the Axilla
- Clavicle
- 1st Rib
- Superior part of the scapula
27
Anterior wall of the Axilla
- Clavipectoral fascia
| - Pectoralis major and minor
28
Posterior wall of the axilla
- Triceps (long head)
- Teres major
- Subscapularis
- Latissimus dorsi
29
Medial wall of the axilla
- Serratus anterior
- Intercostal
- Upper rib cage
30
Lateral wall of the axilla
Humerus (intertubercular sulcus)
31
Contents of the axilla
- Axillary artery and vein
- Axillary lymph nodes
- Portions of the brachial plexus
- Biceps and corachobrachialis muscles
- Fascia
32
Roots of the brachial plexus
C5, C6, C7, C8 and T1
33
Trunks of the brachial plexus
- Superior
- Middle
- Inferior
34
Divisions of the brachial plexus
- Anterior
| - Posterior
35
Cords of the Brachial plexus
- Lateral
* Lateral Pectoral
- Posterior
* A, B and C
- Medial
* Medial Pectoral
* Medial Cutaneous (Brachial)
* Medial Cutaneous (antibrachial)
36
Branches of the Brachial Plexus
- Musculocutaneous
- Median
* Lateral head
* Median head
- Axillary
- Radial
- Ulnar
37
Name the axillary lymph nodes
- Apical (subclavian)
- Central
- Lateral (brachial)
- Posterior (subclavian)
- Anterior (Pectoral)
38
Drainage of the Central axillary lymphnodes
Receive lymph from other groups
39
Drainage of the ]Anterior (subclavian) lymph nodes
Drain breast and anterior trunk
40
Drainage of the posterior (subclavian) lymph nodes
Drain upper back, neck and shoulder
41
Drainage of the lateral (brachial) lymph nodes
Receive most of the upper limb drainage
42
Muscles of the anterior compartment of the arm
- Biceps brachii
- Coracobrachialis
- Brachialis
43
Vessels of the anterior compartment of the arm
- Brachial artery and its venae comitantes
44
Nerves of the anterior compartment of the arm
- Medians
- Ulnar
- Musculocutaneous
45
Lateral boundary of the cubital fossa
Brachioradialis
46
Medial boundary of the cubital fossa
Pronator teres
47
Proximal boundary of the cubital fossa
Imaginary line between the humeral epicondyles
48
Floor of the cubital fossa
Supinator muscle and brachialis muscle
49
Roof of the cubital fossa
Deep fascia, aponeurosis of biceps
50
Contents of the cubital fossa
- Median Nerve
- Brachial Nerve
- Biceps Tendon
- Radial Nerve
51
Superficial muscle group of the forearm
- Pronator teres
- flexor carpi radialis
- Palmaris longus
- Flexor carpi ulnaris
- Flexor digitorum superficialis
52
Proximal attachment of the superficial muscle group of the anterior forearm
Medial epicondyle
53
Innervation of the superficial muscle group of the anterior forearm
- All innervated by the median nerve
| - **except the flexor carpi ulnaris (ulnar nerve)
54
Action of the superficial muscle group of the anterior forearm
Weak flexors of the elbow joint and movements of the wrist and hand
55
Deep muscles of the anterior forearm
- Flexor digitorum profundus
- Flexor policic longus
- Pronator Quadratus
56
Innervation of the deep muscle group of the anterior forearm
Anterior osseous nerve except the medial part of the frlxor digitorum profundus (Ulnar nerve)
57
Arteries of the anterior forearm
- Ulnar artery
| - Radial artery
58
Nerves of the anterior forearm
- Median nerve
- Radial Nerve
- Ulnar Nerve
59
Proximal row of the carpal bones
- Scaphoid
- Lunate
- Triquetrum
- Pisiform
60
Distal row of the carpal bones
- Trapezium
- Trapezoid
- Capitate
- Hamate
61
Flexor tendons of the hand
- Flexor pollicis longus
- Flexor dig profundus
- Flexor dig superficialis
62
Thenar muscles of the hand
- Abductor pollicis brevis
- Flexor pollicis brevis
- Opponens Pollicis
63
Hypothenar muscles of the hand
- Abductor digiti minini
- Flexor digiti minimi
- Opponens digiti minimi
64
Arterial supply of the hand
- superficial palmar arch (derived from the ulnar artery)
| - Deep palmar arch (derived from the radial artery)
65
Venous drainage of the hand
Blood from fingers and palms drain into superficial veins on dorsum of hand, then entering the cephalic or basilic veins
66
Nerve supply of the hand
Ulnar and Median nerves
67
Muscles that attach the arm to the trunk
- Trapezius
- Levator scapulae
- Rhomboids
- Latissimus dorsi
68
Fibers of the trapezius and function
- Upper fibers = lateral flexion of the neck
- Middle fibers = scapular retraction
- Lowe fibers = scapular depression
- Upper and lower = scapular rotation (glenoid fossa turns superiorly allowing full abduction of the arm)
69
Innervation of the trapezius
- Accessory nerve (CN XII)
70
Levator scapulae, rhomboid major and minor function
- Scapular elevation
| - assist scapular rotation during arm adduction
71
Levator scapulae innervation
- dorsal scapular nerve (C5 brachial plexus)
| - C3 and C4 (Cervical plexus)
72
Rhomboids major and minor innervation
Dorsal scapular nerve (C5 brachial plexus)
73
Latissimus dorsi function
- Adducts, extends and extends arm
| - assists in scapular rotation and retraction
74
Innervation of Latissimus dorsi
Thoracodorsal nerve
75
Arterial supply of latissimus dorsi
Thoracodorsal artery
76
Muscles of the rotator cuff
- Subscapularis
- Supraspinatus
- Infraspinatus
- Teres major
77
Function of the rotator cuff
Assist in joint stabilization and holds humeral head firmly to glenoid fossa
78
Proximal attachment of the subscapularis muscle
Costal surface of the scapula
79
Distal attachment of the subscapularis muscle
Lesser tubercule
80
Action of the subscapularis muscle
Medial rotation of the arm at the shoulder
81
Proximal attachment of the supraspinatus muscle
Supraspinatus fossa
82
Distal attachment of the supraspinatus muscle
Greater tubercle
83
Action of the supraspinatus mescle
Initiates abduction
84
Proximal attachment of the infraspinatus muscle
Infraspinatus fossa
85
Distal attachment of the Infraspinatus
Greater tubercle
86
Action of the infraspinatus muscle
Lateral rotation of the arm at the shoulder
87
Proximal attachment of the teres minor
Posterior scapulae surface
88
Distal attachment of the teres minor
Greater tubercle of the humerus
89
Action of the Teres minor
Lateral rotation of the arm
90
Proximal Attachment of the triceps brachii
- Infraglenoid tubercule (long head)
- Posterior shaft of humerus (lateral head)
- IM septa on shaft of humerus (medial head)
91
Distal attachment of the triceps brachii
Olecranon process
92
Action of the triceps brachii
- Extend the arm at the shoulder
| - Long head crosses shoulder jount (aids in stability)
93
Superficial muscles of the posterior forearm and innervation
```
Innervated by posterior interosseouls branch of radial nerve
- Extensor Radialis brevis
- Extensor digitorum
- Extensor digiti minimi
- Extensor carpi ulnar
Innervated by Radial Nerve
- Brachioradials
- Extensor carpi radialis longus
```
94
Function of Extensor carpi radialis brevis
Extensor and abductor of the hand
95
Function of Extensor digitorum
Four fingers, extensor of hand
96
Function of extensor digiti minimi
Fifth digit
97
Function of extensor carpi ulnar
Extensor and adductor of hand at the wrist
98
Deep muscles of the posterior forearm
- Extensor indicis
- Extensor pollicis longus
- Extensor pollicis brevis
- Abductor pollicis longus
99
Branches of the radial nerve
- Axillary nerve
- Posterior interosseous nerve
- Superficial Branch
- Digital branches
100
The musculocutaneous nerve turns into which nerve
Lateral cutaneous nerve of the forearm
101
Branches of the median nerve
- Anterior interosseous
| - Recurrent branch (in the hand)
102
Muscles innervated by the musculocutaneous
- Biceps Brachii
- Coracobrachialis
- Brachialis
103
Muscles innervated by the median nerve
- Pronator teres
- Flexor carpi radialis
- Palmaris longus
- Flexor digitorum superficialis
104
Muscles innervated by the ulnar nerve
- Flexor carpi ulnaris
| - Medial part of the flexor digitorum profundus
105
Muscles innervated by the anterior interosseous
- Lateral part of the flexor digitorum profundus
- Flexor policis longus
- Pronator quadratus
106
Muscles innervated by the Radial nerve
- Triceps Brachii
- Brachioradialis
- Extensor carpi radialis longus
107
Muscles innervated by the posterior interosseous nerve
- Extensor digitorum
- Extensor digiti minimi
- Extensor carpi ulnaris
- Abductor policis brevis
- Extensor policis brevis
- Extensor policis longus
- Extensor indices
108
Musces innervated by the deep branch of the radial nerve
- Extensor carpi radialis brevis
