Anatomy: Head and Neck Flashcards
(125 cards)
1
Q
What cranial nerves go through the superior orbital fissure?
A
CN III, CN IV, CN VI and V1
2
Q
V2 comes through which foramen?
A
Infraorbital foramen
3
Q
The sella turcica is a depression in the body of which bone?
A
sphenoid
4
Q
What sits in the sella turcica?
A
Pituitary gland
5
Q
The optic chiasm sits just above which structure?
A
Pituitary gland
PG tumor will cause vision loss in nasal fibers of both eyes
6
Q
What structure lays just posterior to the superior orbital fissure?
A
Cavernous sinus
7
Q
What two bones make up the lateral wall of the orbit?
A
GREAT Z
Greater wing of sphenoid and zygomatic bone
8
Q
What is the most likely wall of the orbit to fracture?
A
Inferior wall - eye would sit into max sinus
9
Q
What separates the anterior cranial fossa from the middle cranial fossa
A
Lesser wing of sphenoid
10
Q
What separates the middle and posterior cranial fossa?
A
Petrous ridge of temporal bone
11
Q
The Cribriform plate is on what bone?
A
Ethmoid
12
Q
Optic canal is located on which bone?
A
Lesser wing of sphenoid
13
Q
Which major foramen are found in the greater wing of the sphenoid bone?
A
Foramen rotundum and foramen ovale
14
Q
Which cranial nerve goes through foramen rotundum?
A
Foramen roTWOndum
V2
15
Q
Which CN goes through foramen ovale?
A
V3
16
Q
Which CN goes through the internal acoustic meatus?
A
CN 7 and 8
17
Q
Which CN goes through the jugular foramen?
A
CN IX, X, XI
18
Q
What are the two main structures that go through foramen magnum?
A
Vertebral arteries and CN XI
19
Q
Where does the ICA enter the skull? Where does it enter the middle cranial fossa?
A
Carotid canal; foramen lacerum
20
Q
What nerve goes through the petrotympanic fissure?
A
Chorda tympani nerve
CN VII - taste for anterior 2/3s
21
Q
Which nerve is located directly lateral to the medial pterygoid muscle?
A
Lingual nerve
22
Q
Which lobe of the brain is the largest?
A
Frontal
23
Q
What are the three Ps to the frontal lobe?
A
Personality, Planning, Production of speech
*also motor functions
24
Q
T/F: The parietal lobe deals with the majority of sensory functions.
A
True
25
What are the two major structures of the temporal lobe?
Temp House Worker
Hippocampus and Wernicke's
26
What are the three main functions of the hypothalmus?
Temperature, Hunger, Circadian rhythm
27
Which Cranial nerves start in which parts of the brain stem?
RULE of FOURS
Midbrian - III and IV
Pons - V, VI, VII, VIII
Medulla - IX, X, XI, XII
28
Which part of the nervous system is controlled by the medulla oblongata?
Autonomics (HR, breathing, blinking, coughing, vomiting, swallowing)
29
Aggression and blood pressure are regulated by which part of the brain?
Medulla oblongata
30
Most neuro pathways cross in which part of the brainstem?
Medulla
31
All sensory for the back of tongue and throat including gag reflex is via which nerve?
Glossopharyngeal (CN IX)
32
What cranial nerve provides taste to the epiglottis?
Vagus (CN X)
33
Which nuclei provides for the salivation functions of cranial nerves 7 and 9?
CN VII - superior
CN IX - inferior
34
Where does the common carotid bifurcate?
Superior border of thyroid cartilage
35
Which cranial nerve is right next to the ICA in the cavernous sinus?
CN VI
36
What are the four branches of the internal carotid artery?
OPAM
Opthalmic, posterior communicating, anterior cerebral, middle cerebral
37
Where do all of the sinuses in the brain drain to?
Sigmoid sinus which becomes the internal jugular vein
38
Where do the superior and inferior opthalmic veins drain?
Carvernous sinus
39
What is the anterior and posterior border of the cavernous sinus?
Anterior - superior orbital fissure
Posterior - petrous ridge of temporal bone
40
What are the contents of the cavernous sinus?
3, 4, 6, V1, V2
41
What are the 5 layers of the scalp?
SCALP
```
Skin
Connective tissue
Aponeurosis
Loose areolar tissue
Pericranium
```
42
Which layers of the scalp are fused?
Skin, Connective tissue, Aponeurosis
43
Which layers of the scalp has blood vessels?
Connective tissue
44
The optic canal is found on which part of the sphenoid?
Lesser wing
45
Explain the spinal and cranial roots of CN XI?`
Spinal root comes from C1-C6 and enters skull via foramen magnum. Joins cranial root (medulla) and exits jugular foramen
46
What is the thinist portion of the orbit?
Medial wall - lamina papyracea
47
Which major foramen are found in the posterior cranial fossa?
Internal acoustic meatus, jugular foramen, foramen magnum, hypoglossal canal
48
T/F: The sphenoid and ethmoid bones are part of the neurocranium.
True
49
T/F: Only the optic nerve goes through the optic canal?
False
Optic nerve and ophthalmic artery
50
How many bones does the sphenoid bone articulate with?
15
51
Which side will the chin deviate to in a unilateral condylar neck fracture?
to the broken side
52
The _______ gland is located lateral to the medial pterygoid.
parotid
53
Which cranial fossa houses the occipital lobe of the brain?
Middle cranial fossa
54
Which dural sinus travels in the superior falx cerebri? Where does it drain?
Superior sagital sinus; drains into the right transverse sinus
55
Which dural sinus travels in the inferior falx cerebri and joins the great cerebral vein to form the straight sinus?
Inferior saggital sinus
56
T/F: The inferior nasal conchae is its own bone.
True
57
What two bones form the zygomatic arch?
Temporal and zygomatic
58
What nerve and nucleus supply the parotid gland?
The glossopharyngeal nerve (CN 9) carries parasympathetic fibers from the inferior salivatory nucleus to the parotid gland for salivation.
59
What nerve and nucleus supply the sublingual and submandibular glands?
The facial nerve (CN 7) carries parasympathetic fibers from the superior salivatory nucleus to the submandibular and sublingual glands
60
What are the major structures of the temporal lobe?
Hippocampus and Wernike's area (speech recognition)
61
Which cerebral lobe is responsible for production of speech?
Frontal lobe - Broca's area
62
A patient with a ________ lobe lesion could tell the doctor that a pen is used for writing, but could not call the object a pen.
parietal
63
Which part of the brainstem regulates autonomic function?
Medulla
64
Which nerve provides innervation to the epiglottis region?
Vagus nerve (CN X)
65
Which joint provides the "yes" motion?
Atlanto-occipital
66
Which joint provides the "no" motion?
Atlanto-axial joint
67
Which bones make up the medial wall of the orbit?
SMEL
Sphenoid
Maxilla
Ethmoid
Lacrimal
68
What bones make up the floor of the orbit?
Maxillary, palatine, zygomatic
*maxilla is weakest BUT ethmoid is thinnest
69
T/F: All obliques abduct.
True
70
What is the primary action of the obliques?
Superior - intorsion
| Inferior - extorsion
71
Which direction will the inferior oblique take the pupil?
It will extort the eye and push the pupil towards the superior medial portion of the eye
72
Which direction will the superior oblique take the pupil?
It will intort the eye and push the pupil towards the inferior medial portion of the eye
73
What are the contents of the pterygopalatine fossa?
V2, ptergopalatine ganglion, and ptergopalatine artery
74
Where is the pterygopalatine fossa in relation to the infratemporal fossa?
medial
75
What is the function of the ossicles of the ear?
Increase force, decrease amplitude
76
Which muscle acts on the malleus of the ear?
Tensor tympani (V3)
77
Which structures of the ear detect linear acceleration?
Vestibule (utricle and saccule)
78
What is the function of the organ of corti?
perception of sound
79
What structure connects the ear with the pharynx?
Pharyngotympanic tube
80
What is the function of the pharyngotympanic tube?
Equalize pressure of middle ear with atmospheric pressure
81
The smallest ossicle of the ear is the _______.
stapes
82
Which three nerves innervate the external acoustic meatus?
Auriculotemporal (V3), facial, and vagus
83
T/F: Ossicles are located in the inner ear.
False
Middle
84
Which bones make up the roof of the orbit?
Frontal and lesser wing of sphenoid
85
What is the flow of venous drainage from the eye to the heart?
Superior or inferior opthalmic vein -> cavernous sinus -> petrosal sinus -> sigmoid sinus -> IJV -> right atrium
86
How many vertebrae are movable?
24 out of 33
87
T/F: The maxillary nerve (V2) is found in the infratemporal fossa.
False
V2 - pterygopalatine fossa
V3 - infratemporal
88
Which opening in the nose enters into the frontal sinus?
Infundibulum in the middle meatus
89
The frontal sinus and maxillary sinus both empty into which structure?
Semilunar hiatus in the middle meatus
90
Which arteries lead into kesselbachs plexus?
Face Your LEGS
Facial, Labial, Ethmoid, Greater Palatine, Shenopalatine
91
Which muscles lower and raise the angle of the mouth? (smile/frown)
Raise - Levator labii superioris
Lower - Depressor anguli oris
92
What is the function of the risorius muscle?
Pull angle of mouth lateral and slightly up
93
T/F: The depressor labii inferioris will move the angle of the mouth down.
False
Depressor anguli oris - move angle down
Depressor labii inferioris - move bottom lip down
94
Which muscle closes the nasal openings?
Nasalis
95
Which muscle will pucker the lips?
Orbicularis oris
96
What is the function of the zygomaticus major?
Pull angle of mouth superiolaterally when smiling
97
What is the function of the zygomaticus minor?
Elevate upper lip
98
Which muscle closes the eyes?
Orbicularis oculi
99
Which muscle pushes the cheek against the molars when chewing?
Buccinator
100
What are the three major branches coming off of the aortic arch?
ABC'S
Aorta, Brachiocephalic trunk, Left Common Carotid, Left Subclavian
101
Where does the brachiocephalic trunk bifurcate to give off the right common carotid?
Behind the right sternoclavical joint
102
T/F: The maxillary artery supplies blood to the nasal septum.
True
103
T/F: The maxillary artery supplies blood to the skin of the forehead.
False
104
Which veins of the head and neck drain into the IJV?
Med Schools Let Fun People In
Middle thyroid, Superior thyroid, Lingual, Facial, Pharyngeal, Inferior petrosal sinus
105
Which two veins join to form the retromandibular vein?
Superficial temporal and maxillary
106
T/F: There are no hair follicles or sebaceous glands in the lips.
True
107
What two structures go through the incisive foramen?
Nasopalatine nerve and sphenopalatine artery
108
Sensory fibers to the hard palate are transmitted from the maxillary nerve via which nerve?
Greater palatine
109
T/F: The greater palatine nerve only carries sensory fibers from the maxillary nerve.
False
Also carries parasympathetics from pterygopalatine ganglion
110
Which structure moves posteriorly to stop regurgitation during swallowing?
Soft palate
111
The levator veli palatini is innervated by which nerve?
Vagus (CN X)
112
Which structures on the tongue contain the taste buds?
Fungiform papillae
113
The parotid glands are located between which two large structures?
Mandible and SCM
114
The submandibular glands are deep to which muscle?
Mylohyoid muscle
115
What are the four structures that go through the carotid sheath?
Ansa Cervicalis, Vagus nerve, IJV, Common carotid
116
Which vein lies directly anterior to the scalenus anterior muscle?
Subclavian vein
117
T/F: The transverse cervical nerve is deep to the fascial floor of the posterior triangle.
False
Phrenic nerve, brachial plexus, and transverse cervical artery are all deep to the floor
118
At what level is the bifurcation of the trachea?
Sternal angle
119
T/F: The thyrocervical trunk is a branch of the subclavian artery.
True
120
T/F: The axillary artery is a branch of the subclavian artery.
False
121
What are the five branches of the subclavian artery?
TV Is Cost Driven
```
Thyrocervical trunk
Vertebral artery
Internal thoracic artery
Costocervical trunk
Dorsal scapular artery
```
122
T/F: The subclavian vein has a bicuspid valve near its termination.
True
123
The superior cervical ganglion is located at the angle of the mandible which is at what vertebral level?
C1-C2
124
T/F: The thoracic duct is on the left side of the body.
True
125
If the eye is in the adducted position, which muscles depress and elevate?
Superior oblique - depress (intort)
Inferior oblique - elevate (extort)
**even though these muscles depress and elevate from the adducted position they do not adduct!!
They are abducters.
