Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

NBDE Part 1 > Path: Endocrine, GI > Flashcards

Path: Endocrine, GI Flashcards

1
Q

T/F: 90% of Type 1 diabetics have an HLA association.

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the HbA1C level (levels over 3 months) that means you have diabetes mellitus?

A

6.5%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

T/F: Beta cells are impaired in type 2 diabetes mellitis.

A

False

Type 1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

T/F: Diabetic ketoacidosis is most common in Type 1 diabetes.

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

T/F: Type 1 diabetics will gain weight.

A

False

Lose weight

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

T/F: Type 1 diabetes mellitis has a strong genetic predisposition.

A

False

Type 2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What should a fasting glucose level be?

A

Less than 126

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

T/F: Patients with diabetes insipidus have normal glucose levels.

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is impaired in patients with diabetes insipidus?

A

ADH production

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the hallmark endocrine levels of patients with hypothyroidism?

A

High TSH

Low T4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

TSH is made in the _______.

A

anterior pituitary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the symptoms of hypothyroidism?

A

Weight gain, cold intolerance, puffiness

Middle age females

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What diseases can be associated with hypothyroidism?

A

Cretinism (kids), Myxedema (adults), Hashimoto’s thyroiditis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the symptoms of hyperthyroidism?

A

Weight loss, heat intolerance, increased energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What dental effect can hyperthyroidism have on kids?

A

Premature eruption and loss of deciduous dentition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What will be the hallmark endocrine levels for hyperthyroidism?

A

Decreased TSH

Increased T4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What disease causes the majority of hyperthyroidism?

A

Graves disease - causes goiter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

When could you have hyperthyroidism with elevated TSH and T4 levels?

A

TSH-secreting Pituitary tumor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the role of parathyroid hormone?

A

Increase blood calcium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are some symptoms of a patient with hyperparathyroidism?

A
  1. Weak bones

2. Kidney stones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are some symptoms of a patient with hypoparathyroidism?

A
  1. Tetany
  2. Muscle cramps
  3. Convulsions
  4. Mental changes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Which disease results in atrophy of the adrenal gland and low cortisol levels?

A

Addison’s disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

T/F: Patients with secondary Addison’s disease will have increased skin and oral pigmentation.

A

False

Secondary is due to less ACTH from pituitary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is the treatment for Addison’s disease?

A

Exogenous cortisol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What is the difference between Cushing's syndrome and Cushing's disease?
Cushing's disease is due to too much ACTH from pituitary - will cause hyperpigmentation
26
What are some symptoms of Cushing's syndrome?
Fat deposits, moon face, poor wound healing
27
What are the labs often seen with acute renal failure?
Low GFR, high BUN (urea, nitrogen), high creatinine ALL BAD
28
What are the two biggest causes of chronic renal failure?
Diabetes and hypertension
29
T/F: Nephritic syndrome results in elevated protein (>3.5) in the urine.
False Nephrotic! NephrO = excess prO
30
What disease is most often caused by E. coli from a UTI?
Pyelonephritis
31
What is the most common bacterial STD in the U.S.?
Chlamydia
32
What is the most common viral STD in the U.S.?
HPV
33
What is the treatment for Chlamydia? What must be added for ghonerhea?
Chlamydia: azithromycin or doxycyclin Ghonerhea: add cephtrioxone
34
What type of bacteria causes Syphilis?
Spirchete: Treponema Pallidum
35
What are the three areas of syphilis?
1. Sore at initial infection 2. Flu like 3. CNS involvment
36
T/F: BPH is a premalignant enlargement of the prostate.
False
37
T/F: BPH results in hyperplasia at the periphery of the gland.
False BPH: center of gland Adenocarcinom: periphery of gland
38
T/F: Alpha-blockers can help treat BPH.
True
39
What are two lab indications of prostate cancer?
1. Elevated PSA | 2. Elevated serum acid phosphatase
40
Where is the most common metastasis from prostate adenocarcinoma?
Bone
41
Defects in which genes can lead to breast cancer?
BRCA 1 or 2
42
What is the common cause of spina bifida?
Folic acid deficiency
43
What is a common cause of toxoplasmosis?
Cat poop
44
What are the two major causes of peptic ulcers?
1. H. pylori | 2. Chronic NSAID use
45
What happens during Barret's esophagus?
Change from squamous cell -> columnar Metaplasia
46
Which type of cancer can be caused by Barrett's esophogus?
Adenocarcinoma
47
Which inflammatory bowel disease has SKIP lesions?
Crohn's
48
_______ is only in the colon/rectum and has continuous lesions.
Ulcerative colitis
49
T/F: Crohn's involves cobblestone lesions.
True
50
What is the leading cause of cancer in men?
Prostate 2nd leading for deaths
51
What is the leading cause of cancer in women?
Breast 2nd leading for deaths
52
T/F: Colon cancer is the third most common in both men and women.
True Also third in deaths
53
Which cancer causes the most deaths?
Lung cancer
54
Which diseases increase the risk for colon cancer?
Familial polyptosis/Gardner's
55
What disease does not allow Cu to get into circulation and will result in accumulation of of Cu in the liver, brain, and cornea?
Wilson's disease
56
What enzymes are increased with hepatitis?
transaminases (AST/ALT)
57
Which viruses is the most common cause of liver transplant in the U.S.?
Hep C
58
Which enzyme will be higher in viral hepatitis?
Viral: ALT>AST Alcoholic: AST>ALT
59
Which Hepatitis viruses have vaccines?
A, B, and D C and E = no vaccine
60
Which hepatitis viruses are blood-born?
B, C, D A and E = fecal-oral
61
T/F: All hep viruses are ssRNA.
False Hep B is dsDNA
62
Which hepatitis virus causes increased risk for chronic disease, cirrhosis, and HCC?
Hep B and C Mostly Hep C!
63
T/F: In order for Hep D to infect the patient must have Hep B.
True
64
What is the third most common cause of death in middle aged people?
Liver cirrhosis
65
T/F: Cirrhosis will cause a build up of urea.
True
66
What is often the first sign of cirrhosis and portal hypertension?
Hematomesis and bleeding for esophageal varices
67
What causes jaundice?
Build up of bilirubin in blood
68
What is cholelithiases?
Gall stones
69
How can gall stones be diagnoses?
Murphy's sign
70
Which enzymes will be elevated in pancreatitis?
Lipase and amylase

NBDE Part 1 (31 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions