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NBDE Part 1 > Pathology: Hypersensitivity and Autoimmune > Flashcards

Pathology: Hypersensitivity and Autoimmune Flashcards

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1
Q

What are two major things that happen during acute inflammation?

A
  1. Vasodilation and increased permeability - edema

2. Migration of leukocytes to injured tissue - mostly PMNs

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2
Q

T/F: Exudate occurs during injury and is cell/protein rich.

A

True

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3
Q

What are the three main cell types for chronic inflammation?

A

Macrophages, lymphocytes, plasma cells

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4
Q

What are the three stages of chronic inflammation?

A
  1. Cell migration
  2. Granulation (fibroblasts, new capillaries)
  3. Tissue destruction (cytokines of leukocytes)
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5
Q

T/F: Steroids can cause a decrease in wound healing.

A

True

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6
Q

T/F: Reversible cell injury results from extensive plasma membrane damage.

A

False

Lack of O2 (hypoxia/ischemia) -> decrease in ATP, decrease in pH

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7
Q

What is ischemia?

A

Lack of blood flow to tissue

Can lead to hypoxia (lack of O2)

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8
Q

What is karyorrhexis?

A

Fragmentation of DNA during necrosis

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9
Q

What are three drugs that can cause gingival enlargement?

A
  1. Phenytoin
  2. Ca2+ channel blockers
  3. Cydosporin
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10
Q

Which type of necrosis occurs from ischemic injury, often from a heart attack?

A

Coagulative (MI, gangrene)

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11
Q

Which type of necrosis leaves a fatty substance and suppuration behind?

A

Liquefactive necrosis (brain abscess, acute pancreatitis)

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12
Q

Which necrosis is common in tuberculosis?

A

Caseous necrosis: cheesy, granulomatous material

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13
Q

T/F: Apoptosis leads to cell swelling and rupture of the membrane.

A

False

Apoptosis is cell shrinking

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14
Q

What are the four types of sensitivity reactions?

A

ACID

  1. Anaphylactic (IgE)
  2. Cytotoxic (IgG, IgM)
  3. Immune-mediated (antigen-antibody)
  4. Delayed (T cells)
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15
Q

In type 1 sensitivity, IgE causes mast cells and ________ to release ________.

A

basophils; histamine

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16
Q

MAC-mediated cell destruction is activated in which hypersensitivity reaction?

A

Type II - IgG, IgM mediated

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17
Q

Erythroblastosis fatalis (attacking wrong blood type) is an example of which hypersensitivity rxn?

A

Type II

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18
Q

Lupus is an example of which hypersensitivity rxn?

A

Type III - antigen-antibody complexes produce destruction

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19
Q

Tb test and skin dermatitis are examples of which reaction?

A

Type IV - delayed

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20
Q

Describe the mechanism of a type IV hypersensitivity rxn?

A

Macrophage presents antigen on MHC II protein (also releases IL-1, IL-12) -> Th1 helper cell recognizes antigen and activates macrophage with gamma-interferon release

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21
Q

What types of patients will present with necrotizing perio disease?

A

HIV, immunocompromised, malnourished

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22
Q

What is the most common location of supragingival calculus?

A

Lingual of man incisors and buccal of mand molars (salivary gland proximity)

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23
Q

Which bacteria is involved with hormone induced gingivitis?

Study These Flashcards
A

P. intermedia

24
Q

What is the predominant bacteria in aggressive periodontitis?

Study These Flashcards
A

A.a. and P.g.

25
T/F: Women are more susceptible to autoimmune disease.
True
26
Malar rash is a symptom of which disease?
Lupus
27
T/F: Lupus will result in a positive ANA antibody test.
True
28
A woman in her 40s complains of chronic bilateral small joint pain. Diagnosis?
Rheumatoid arthritis
29
T/F: RA pain will be the worst at the end of the day.
False RA - morning pain Osteoarthritis - evening pain
30
T/F: Osteophytes (bone spurs) occur in patients with RA.
False Osteoarthritis
31
T/F: RA and SLE (lupus) are both collagen vascular diseases.
True
32
T/F: RA patients will be positive for rheumatoid factor.
True
33
What is the second most common rheumatic autoimmune disorder?
Sjorgren's syndrome (90% women)
34
What are the three hallmarks of Sjorgren's syndrome?
1. Dry mouth 2. Dry eyes 3. Arthritis
35
What disease is characterized by noncaseating granulomas, including Schumann and asteroid bodies?
Sarcoidosis Most often in black females
36
What condition will mimic sarcoidosis?
Beryliosis Inhalation of berylium
37
Which two disease often come together and may result in patients complaining of scalp and jaw tenderness?
Polymyalgia rheumatica and temporal arteritis (giant cell arteritis)
38
What is the clinical triad in Reiter's syndrome (reactive arthritis)?
"Can't pee, can't see, can't climb a tree." 1. Urethritis 2. Conjunctivitis 3. Joint arthritis
39
What is the ideal treatment for temporal arteritis?
Steroids
40
Erythema multiforme is an acute immune-mediated condition often caused by which virus?
Herpes Simplex Virus
41
T/F: Erythema multiforme will cuase a type III hypersensitivity reaction.
True
42
Which medication can lead to erythema multiforme?
1. Sulfa drugs 2. Penecillins 3. Barbiturates
43
A bulls eye lesion is a key indicator for which disease?
Erythema multiforme
44
What is often the first sign of pemphigus vulgaris?
Oral mucosal lesions
45
What causes the blistering in Pemphigus Vulgaris?
IgG antibody against desmosome
46
What is the difference between pemphigus vulgaris and bullous pemphigoid?
PV: intraepidermal bulla (desmosomes) BP: subepidermal bulla (hemidesmosomes)
47
_______ is a chronic, T cell mediated inflammatory disease that has an unknown etiology.
Lichen planus
48
Whickham's striae are seen in which disease?
Lichen planus
49
Excess uric acid levels will cause uric acid crystals to get stuck in joints causing ______.
gaut
50
Deficiency in IgA will lead to higher incidence of disease in which areas?
Tears, saliva, mucous membranes, breast milk
51
T/F: HIV can be transferred via saliva.
False
52
HIV will produce similar symptoms to which other disease initially?
Mono
53
HIV will affect which cells?
CD4 T cells
54
What is the CD4 count where a patient is considered to have AIDS?
< 200
55
What tests are done to diagnose HIV?
1. ELISA | 2. Western blot
56
What are some opportunistic infections common in HIV patients?
1. Pneumocystic pneumonia 2. Candidiasis 3. Histo infections 4. Tb 5. Tiposi sarcoma

NBDE Part 1 (31 decks)

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