Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

USMLE HY notes > anatomy HY > Flashcards

anatomy HY Flashcards

(113 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

loss of aoncutaneous reflex

A

S2-S4

S2-S4 shut the door (Anal reflex)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Achilles reflex

A

S1-S2 buckle my shoe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Patellar reflex

A

L-3 L4 Kick the door

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Cremasteric reflex

A

L1-L2 Testicular move

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Which ligament will be injured?
Sudden change in direction or Awkward landing?

A

Anterior Cruciate ligament

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Impact on the lateral knee?
Which ligament will be injured?

A

The tibial (medial ) collateral ligament

אם נותנים מכה בצד החיצוני הצד הפנימי נקרע לכן ה-medial

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

The portal triad contains 3 vessels:
1.
2.
3
and this triad runs through the ————
if after occlusion of the area, bleeding does not stop, then think about —————-

A

The portal triad contains three vessels:
1. common bile duct
2. Hepatic artery
3. Portal vein
and this triad runs through the Hepatoduodenal ligament
if after occlusion of the area, bleeding does not stop, then think about IVC bleeding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Lumbar puncture location

A

L-3 L5

The dural sac (subarachnoid space) ends in S2

anatomical landmarks:
Suprsspinous ligament&raquo_space; interspinous ligament&raquo_space; ligamentum flavum&raquo_space; meningeal layers (epidural space)&raquo_space; dura matter&raquo_space; Arachnoid = CSF fluid)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Back pain down the lower limb

Which region may be diminished?
Which reflex diminishes?

A

L1-L5 - lumbar region

Pattelar reflex

S1-S2&raquo_space; buckle my shoe = Achilles reflex
L3-L4&raquo_space; kick the door = Patellar reflex
C5-C6&raquo_space; pick up sticks = Biceps + brachioradialis reflex
C7-C8&raquo_space; lay them straight = Tricepest
L1 L2&raquo_space; testicles are move = Cremester fflex
S3 - S4&raquo_space; close the hole = Anal wink reflex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

80 yr Acute onset of Backpain, compression fracture

The reason? Abnormal curvature?

A

osteoperosis (Ca + Po normal )

Kypohsis&raquo_space; mainly in the thoracic spine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

9-month pregnant female / obese man.
type of abnormal curvature?

A

Lordosis > the Lumbar region

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Unable to move his arm up to the side with a flattened deltoid?

Which nerve is most probable damage?
What is its location?

A

Axillary nerve (Abdduction)

Surgical neck of the humerus

(ARM menmonic- Axillary, Radial- midshaft , Medial- metaphysa)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Which mechanism will cause Axillary nerve damage?

A

Anterior humerus dislocation&raquo_space; A kid throwing a ball ( abduction, extension, external rotation)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

PT unable to extend the hand with resistance, unable to grip properly?
which nerve will be damaged? and what its location

A

Radial nerve = midshaft of humerus

  • Also Crutches = laying to a chair with hands behind the chair&raquo_space; Drunk arm over chair
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

After trauma, loss of sensation in the medial portion of the hand

A

Ulnar nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Fracture to the medial epicondyle of the humerus will lead to

A

Ulnar nerve damage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the proximal and distal anatomy location of the lesion of Median nerve injury?

A

Supracondylar humerus

distal- carpal tunnel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the proximal and distal anatomy location of the lesion of Ulnar nerve injury?

A

Proximal- medial epicondyle
distal- Hook of hamate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

extension of flextion?
What will be the problem in Proximal regions vs distal regions of the Ulnar and median nerve

A

Ulnar nerve:
Proximal- unable to flex&raquo_space; ok gesture
Distal- unable to extend&raquo_space; ulnar claw

median nerve
proximal- unable to flex = Pop blessing
Distal - unable to extend = median claw

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

The distal median nerve will cause which muscle to atrophy?

A

Thenar eminence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Which muscle will cause the distal ulnar nerve to atrophy?

A

Hypothenar Eminence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Breast LN

Where is the majority of the LN will be drawn?

A

Majority: Axillary region

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What are a Colles fracture and a Smith fracture

A

Get it ventrally at the wrist when extended

Remember- Colles = Outward (O)
Smith- Inward (I)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Buzzword: Dinner fork

A

Colles fracture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Which anatomy landmarks will be fractured during a "fall on the outstretched hand"
*Colles *Carpal bone: Scaphoid >> Tenderness in anatomic snuff box *hamate (Ulnar nerve damage) *forearm - Radial head fracture
26
Buzzword: Tenderness on anatomic snuff box
Scaphoid fracture Risk for A-vascular necrosis
27
A child falls and holding his arm in inferolateral placement what the Dx?
clavicle fracture
28
Which muscles are the Rotator cuff
SITS: Supraspinatus Infraspinatus Teres minor Subscapularis
29
A pt with decreased resistance when arms are outstretched, adduct, thumbs down Which muscle is injured? Which nerve innervated him?
Supraspinatus muscle = Empty can test abduction of 0-15 degrees innervated by supra scapular
30
Abduction of arm 0-15 15-90 90-180
0-15- supraspinatus 15-90- deltoid (axillary) 90-180- trapzezius (CN XI) + serratus ant. (long thoracic nerve)
31
Pain under Acromnion, pain while lifting the arm above the head
Subacrominal bursitis
32
Pharmacological agent for bursitis?
NSIADS ( inhibting COX = less prostacyclin)
33
elbow swelling past few month + redness no fever
olecranon bursitis
34
Pt who plays tennis it hurts when opens the door
lateral epicondylitis extensor tendon
35
golf player
medial epicondylitis common flexor tendon
36
Which are the 4 muscle flexors of the arm? (AKa- golf player >> Medial-epicondylitis)
PFPF: from radial to ulnar: Pronator teres flexor carpi radialis Palmaris longus Flexor carpi ulnaris
37
kid with upward traction Dx? how to fix?
Tear of the annular ligament at radial neck > hed of radial neck dislocation hypoproneation maneuver or flex and supinate manuver
38
Cubital fossa structres:
Medial to lateral: Medial nerve Brachial artery Biceps tendon Superficial Radial nerve **MBTbRs** covered by bicipital aponeurosis
39
Numb in fingers mostly in night
Carpal tunnel = median nerve 3.5 lateral digits
40
Which wrist bone dislocation can cause Median nerve issues?
Lunate dislocation
41
What are the bones of the wrist? and order
top: Some Loves Try Positions bottom: That They Can't Handle Scaphoid, Lunate, Triquetrum, pisiform Trapezium , Trapezoid, Capitate, Hamate
42
Hypothyroidism, pregnancy, hyper typing (like secretary) All of them can cause
Carpal tunnel syndrome
43
Hook of hamate nerve relations?
Ulnar nerve
44
Where Erb palsy happens
C5-C6
45
Which muscles are involved in Erb's palsy? how the hand will lokk
Deltoid Infraspinatus Biceps brachii **DIB** Hand look: Writer tip: adduction, medially rotation, extended and pronated
46
Klumpke'w paralysis nerves and muscles position of the hand
C8-T1 lumbricals interosseus thenar **LIT** Ape hand = Claw hand
47
A young patient with arm pain; after cooking, her arm mobility decreases. The extremity is pale and cold to the touch. **she have also extra rib Dx?
Thoracic outlet syndrome >> subclavian compress under clavicle/rib
48
Winged scapula muscle? (Stab wounds, axillary LN dissection mastectomy)
Serratus ant. (long thoracic nerve)
49
What is the path of PCI (Cardiac catheterization)
Femoral arternal >> External iiliac >> common iliac >> aorta >> common artery
50
left femur shorter than right with lateral rotation
Femoral neck fracture + groin pain >> medical cirmcuflex femoral artery >> a-vascular necrosis
51
Back pain + lifting a box and shooting pain , What is the embryological structure most likely to derive from?
Notochord >> nuecluos pulposis (in disc hernia for exmaple)
52
Weakend hip extension and knee flection: Which nerve and muscle are affected?
Sciatic nerve. Hamstrings muscles
53
Pt after a car accident, she hit her knees on the dashboard. Now, the legs are shortened and medially rotated. What is the underline deformity?
Posterior hip dislocation. The femoral head taken out of the acetabular head sciofemoral ligament torn
54
Legs shortened and medially rotated with foot drop
Posterior hip dislocation The sciatic nerve >> branch is also common peroneal and anterior tibial (foot drop common peroneal nerve )
55
Stepping gait with large contusion with point of tenderness to the proximal right leg. Which nerve is affected?
Common peroneal nerve
56
What is the common peroneal nerve do
evert + dorsiflex (פלקס באצבעות ברגליים)
57
Fibular neck fractures can lead to ----------- nerve injury
common peroneal
58
Pt is leaning forward when walking. when stand on his right leg his left hip is drop What is the likely injured nerve?
Superior gluteal nerve >> innervate Gluteus medium + minimus inability to puul the hip up + abduction of thigh lost when standing >> hip rise on the affected side
59
PT after abdominal surgery with burning pain , radiate to the inguinal and suprapubic region. what is the likely affected nerve?
Iliohypogatric nerve motor innervation : abdominous transversus
60
Laparoscopic surgery for cryptorchid testes. Absent cremasteric reflex. What is the nerve?
Genitofemral nerve - motor cremasteric muscle L1-L2 sensory to the scrotum
61
Ant. + lateral leg tingling with tight jeans, obesity, pregnancy
Lateral femoral cutaneous nerve
62
Pelvic teratoma resection + medial thigh sensation with decreased adduction Which nerve is most likely damaged?
Obturator nerve sensory for the medial thigh Motor: Adductor, Gracilis , pectineus
63
Anterior hip dislocation, which nerve could be injured?
Obturator nerve
64
obese female with Medial knee pain over the anteromedial proximal tibia. no fracture What is the likely diagnosis?
Pes anserine bursitis
65
After the femoral vein catheter. Diminish patellar reflex with decreased leg extension Which nerve is injured? what he innervated?
Femoral nerve (L2-L4) motor: Quadricept , sartorius) Sensory: anterior thigh
66
What contains the Femoral Triangle?
from lateral (Sartorius) to medial (adductor longus): **NAVEL** or venous to the penis )Vein is more close to the penis) Femoral Nerve Femoral Artery Femoral Vein Empty space (Femoral canal) Lymphatic
67
The pt with a cystic fluid collection of the post. Portion of the knee. Unable to plantar flex or curl his toes inward. would the pt will have problem with inversion or eversion?
inversion. **TIP** Tibial nerve- can't plantarflex Inversion Plantaris *also sensory to the sole of the foot
68
popliteal fossa what is the structrue from superficial to deep:
Tibial nerve popliteal vein Popliteal artery
69
Which nerve runs through the tarsal tunnel?
Tibial nerve can be compressed by the flexor retinaculum >> paraesthesia
70
Which nerve baker cyst can press?
Tibial nerve
71
difficult climbing stair, unable to get up from the chier Hx: post. Hip dislocation?
Inferior gluteal nerve Motor: gluteus maximus (extend of the hip- to get up of the chair and get up of te steps )
72
Post-partum. During labor, epidural Injection of the spine near the sacrospinous ligament. now with urinary incontenence Which nerve may be implied?
Pudendal nerve (s2-S4) motor: external urethral + anal sphincter
73
Female with hernia. what is the anatomical region which superior to the pathology?
Femorl hernia >> Femoral rign >> inferior to the inguinal ligament so the inguinal ligament is superior to that.
74
Which artery can be damaged while fixing a femoral hernia?
Obturator artery
75
What are direct and indirect hernias?
Direct- directly into the abdomen (medial to vessel) of the old man. Not in scrotum indirect- pass through deep inguinal ring (lateral to vessels) young males. In scrotum vessels: inf. epigastric vessels
76
6-year-old, intra-abdominal mass above the pubic symphysis. cystic attached to the umbilicus and the apex of the bladder. what the the Dx?
Urachal cyst
77
Urine leaking from the umbilicus. which fetal structure abnormality?
Urachus
78
Limping after rising in the morning. no fracture. Dx?
Plantar fasciitis - infl. of the plantar aponeurosis (bottom of the foot) Attach to the medial tubercle of the calcaneus
79
Feeling "pop" in the knee, in flexed 90 degrees (ant. drawer test) and feel a shift of the tibia
ant. cruciate tendon
80
Soccer player complain knee giving out after she fell on her knee flexed Dx?
Post. Cruciate tendon tear
81
Football player get tackled in the lateral side of the knee What do we fear of?
**Terrible triad** **MAL - knee is very MAL** MCL- prevent hyper abduction. ACL Lateral meniscus
82
Pt noted excess varus laxity at the knee
LCL tear LCL- prevernt hyper adduction
83
Locking sensation especially Twisting and squatting Dx?
Meniscus tear McMurray test for Meniscus >> twisting the External rotation- Medial meniscus Internal rotation - Lateral meniscus
84
The basketball player rolled his ankle. He has an ankle sprain Which ligament is most likely affected?
The anterior -inferior talofibular ligament overinversoin and supination of the foot
85
anterior placenta accerta can invade which stracture?
Most likely- Bladder
86
Prostatic plexus is originate from?
Inf. hypogastric plexus ( continuation of hypgastric nerve)
87
post. Prostectomy erectile dysfunction which nerve is damage?
Inf. hypogastric nerve + pelvic and sacral splenchin nerves = prostatic plexus leis in the fascia of prostate proctectomy = damage to the fascia
88
Hemiballism is caused by
Damage to the sub-thalamic nuclues >> decrease excitation of globus palldus internus >> reducing inhibiton of thalamus >> movment disorder by wild involuntary of proximal limbs
89
What the cause of Osgood-schaltter disease
knee pain (in adolecsent ) due to overuse of the **quadriceps muscle group**
90
What is the fuction of quadriceps and where its insert
knee extension (when hiking, running) insertion at - tibial tubercle >> cuase demege to tha area to a point of fregmentation of the tibial tubercle
91
When a focal seziure have preceded distinctive aura where in the brain is found this abnormality that explain this aura ?
Mesial temporal lobe (eg. hippocampus, amygdala, parahippocampal gyrus) most common by Hippocampal sclerosis -a/w childhoode febrile seizures
92
Pancoast syndrome Clnical presenation:
1. shoulder pain- radiating to axilla / scapula 2. horner syndrome- cercial symp. ganglia 3. spinal cord compression- if tumor expend to intravertebral lamina
93
Which nerve injury would lead to low extremity: weakness in dorsiflexion, numbness of dorsal fott and posterior-lateral calf
Common Fibular (peroneal nerve)
94
Which nerve injury will cause weakness of knee flextion
Sciatic nerve
95
Which nerve injury wil cause a weakness in plantar flextion in inversion, abscent ankle reflex?
Tibial nerve
96
Landmark of Lumbar pancture?
Iliac crest
97
Hand bone mnemonic
Some Lovers Try Position That They Cant Handle: Scaphoid, Lunate, Triquetrum, pisiform, Trapezium, Trapaziud, capitatem hamate
98
The vulva is drainage to which LN?
Inguinofemoral
99
Which female reproductive structures drain to the internal iliac LN
Cervix + proxinal vagina
100
Which female reproductive structures drain to the inguinofemoral LN
Vulva + Distal Vagina
101
A Stoke in the Thalamus can lead to----?
Contralaterl complete sensory loss (Face and body ) = touch, pain, temperturem vibration, proprioception
102
Which muscle pass to the greater sciatic foramen and when injured can compress the sciatic nerve and cauase sciatic like symptoms
piriformis muscle
103
Which artery suppluy to proximal ureter and which the distal ureter?
proximal- Renal artery distal- Sup. vesical artey
104
# Neurovascular pairing Axilla / lateral thorax | answer the nerve and artery related to this location
Long thoracic nerve lateral thoracic artery
105
# Neurovascular pairing Surgical neck of humerus | answer the nerve and artery related to this location
Axilla nerve Posterior circumflex artery
106
# Neurovascular pairing Midshaft of humerus? | answer the nerve and artery related to this location
Radial nerve Deep brachial artery
107
# Neurovascular pairing popliteal fossa | answer the nerve and artery related to this location
Tibial nerve Popliteal artery
108
# Neurovascular pairing Distal humrus/ cubital fossa | answer the nerve and artery related to this location
Median nerve Brachial artery
109
# Neurovascular pairing posterior to medial malleolus | answer the nerve and artery related to this location
tibial nerve posterior tibial arery
110
# Which nerve root loss of Achilles reflex?
S1 nerve | Difficult toe walking ## Footnote heel walking is L5
111
Difficulty heel walking?
L5 | also in dorsiflection
112
foot drop
Common fibular peroneal nerve (L4-S2) **PED- Peroneal evert and dorsiflex** If injuref your foot is drop**ped**
113

USMLE HY notes (34 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions