Aging Flashcards
(34 cards)
Whats the diagnosis?
15 yr old male, easy brusing, fatigue, nose-bleeding, stopped growing with hyperpigmented macules on upper chest and neck. oral leukoplakia, dystrophic nails.
CBC: pancytopenia
which genetic mutaiton is it:
* Fanconi anemia
* Acute lymphoblastic leukemia
* dyskeratosis congenita
* diamond blackfan anemia
* chronic grnaulomatous disease
dyskeratosis congenita
genetic mutation affecting telomere maintenance
» short telomeres»_space; premature celldeath in rapidly dividing cells. (mucocutaneous, BM, pulmonary fibrosis)
what is telomerase?
what his function?
Ribonucleoprotein
function: adds DNA sequence repeats to chromosome ends (telomeres) = maintaning telo,ere length, particulary in stem cells.
how does telomerase activity differ between stem cells and somatic cells
stem cells- higher activity
Somatic cells- lacking telomerase»_space; telomere shortning»_space; higher risk for cell death
how does cancer cells affect telomerase activity?
up-regulation
what happens to EPO during Aging of BM
stay the same
altough less blood cells are produce
aging &acculmulaiton
what accumulate in cells with low regeneraiton capacity?
and in which cells can we see it
lipofuscin
(byproduct of lipid oxidation and and low lysosomal break due to free ROS)
Liver, heart, kidney, brain
aging
what substance accumulaiton will cause myocardial atrophy?
connective tissue (interstitial) + Extracellular amyolid
how does aging affect on immune cell divison?
on lympocytes
Loss lymphocytes telomere length > decrease production of naive B&T.
how does aging affect the division into subtypes of lympocytes?
less naive cells»_space; those cells become more memory cells»_space; less B&T for new antigens»_space; Higer risk for vaccine failure & infections
Aging & liver
What age related changes occur in the liver affecting drug metabolism?
- reduce liver mass (lower hepatic blood flow)»_space; less ability to metabolize drugs
- Decrease expression of CYP450
Does aminotransferases level changes by aging?
no
remain the same in helaty elderly
same for: BL, ALP, GGT
Aging & eyes
what is presbyopia
age related loss of lens elasticity, affecting near vision focus
what is myopia?
nearsightedness, impedes your ability to see distant objects clearly
how does presbyopia affect mild myopia?
adjust image focus onto the reting»_space; Offsetting myopia effect
Aging &skin
what are UVA and UVB (UV light)
UVA- trigger ROS formation»_space; inf. and collagen & elastin break»_space; thinning and wrinkles
UVB- causing sunburn and higher risk cancer
B= באסה נשרפתי
A= אעעעע יש קמטים
Aging & reproductive
How does man sex decline comapre to female menopause?
testosterone in man»_space; slower and variable declinning comapre to rapid hormone drop in womens
what hormonal changes aging mans exprerience?
decrease testosterone
higher LH
higher SHBG
what sexual changes common in aging man
3
- reduce volume
- longer erectile latency
- more stimulation needed for erection
which 2 symtoms indicate low testosterone level?
- reduce libido
- erectile failure
aging &cardiovascular
How does aging affect afterload
increase afterload»_space; increase SBP»_space; higher PP (SBP- DBP)
what happens to the aorta during aging? what is the consequence?
arotic root dilation+ elastin to collagen»_space; stiffer aorta»_space; increase afterload»_space; increase SBP
what are the two main changes in aging on the heart?
and how the heart compensate?
- increased afterload
- loss in cardiomyocyte number
compensation:
Concentric LVH»_space; systolic S4 (physiological in elderly)»_space; LA enlargment (backflow)
How does elderly affect the adrenergic responsivness?
decrease adrenergic responsivness»_space; reduce baroreceptors sensetivity > orthostasis Hyptotension
what arethe changes in occur in the lung with aging?
- Increase dead space
- Ventilation perfusion mismatch
due to elastin degradation»_space; muscle remodling»_space; chest wall stiffness
