Anatomy - Joints

Question 1

What are joints?

Answer 1

Point of connection between 2 bones
(Strands of connective tissue, ligaments, hold the bones together and ensure the stability of joints)

Question 2

What are the 3 types of joint classifications? (+ amount of movement and example of each)

Answer 2

Fibrous: no movement
ex. Suture of the skull
Cartilaginous: little movement
ex. intervertebral discs
Synovial: most movement
ex. hip joint

Question 3

What are the 6 types of synovial joints? (+ example)

Answer 3

1. Hinge Joint
   humero-ulnar elbow joint, interphalangeal joint
2. Pivot Joint
   Head of radius rotating against ulna
3. Condyloid (knuckle) Joint
   metacarpophalangeal joint
4. Saddle-shaped Joint
   carpometacarpal joint
5. Ball and Socket Joint
   Shoulder and hip joints
6. Plane Joint
   intercarpal joints and acromioclavicular joint of the vertebra

Question 4

Hinge Joint ex

Answer 4

humero-ulnar elbow joint, interphalangeal joint

Question 5

Pivot Joint ex

Answer 5

Head of radius rotating against ulna

Question 6

Condyloid (knuckle) Joint ex

Answer 6

metacarpophalangeal joint

Question 7

Saddle-shaped Joint ex

Answer 7

carpometacarpal joint

Question 8

Ball and Socket Joint ex

Answer 8

Shoulder and hip joints

Question 9

Plane Joint ex

Answer 9

intercarpal joints and acromioclavicular joint of the vertebra

Question 10

What are the 3 joints of the shoulder girdle?

Answer 10

Glenohumeral
sternoclavicular
acromioclavicular

Question 11

What are the 4 types of knee tests?

Answer 11

Valgus: medial collateral ligament - MCL

Varus: lateral collateral ligament - LCL

Anterior Drawer: anterior cruciate ligament - ACL

Posterior Drawer: posterior cruciate ligament - PCL

Question 12

What is osteoarthritis?

Answer 12

• swelling of the joints
• degenerative (older people or very active people)

Question 13

What is the joint going from sacrum to liliaceous?

Answer 13

• sacroiliac joint

Question 14

What is the difference between inversion and eversion sprains? (location, most common, etc.)

Answer 14

• inversion: toes pointed in (most common type)
• occurs at anterior talofibular ligament
• eversion: toes pointed out
• occurs at deltoid ligament

Question 15

What is the difference between shoulder dislocation and separation? (location and explanation)

Answer 15

Dislocation: glenohumeral ligament
occurs when a fall or blow causes the top of the arm bone to pop out of the shoulder socket

Separation: acromioclavicular ligament
when a fall or blow causes a tear in one of the ligaments connecting the collarbone to the shoulder blade. The disconnected collarbone can move out of position and push against skin near the top of the shoulder