ANATOMY lower limb - 3rd year revision

Question 1

where is the great saphenous vein in relation to medial patella

Answer 1

one hand width away (medially/posteriorly)

Question 2

is a visible palpable swelling more likely to be a venous problem or arterial problem

Answer 2

venous - bc arteries are deep!

Question 3

which is more posterior medial (as opposed to posterior central);
great saphenous vein
popliteal artery

Answer 3

great saphenous vein

popliteal artery - centrally posterior

Question 4

in compartment syndrome, muscles are maximally painful on stretching, if maximally painful when tibial nerve being tested, which compartment is affected

Answer 4

tibial nerve = contraction of posterior leg compartment

contraction of posterior leg = stretching of anterior leg

so anterior leg

Question 5

what movement does lateral leg compartment do

Answer 5

eversion of foot

plantarflexion of ankle

Question 6

which nerve supplies lateral leg muscles

Answer 6

superficial fibular nerve (branch of sciatic)

Question 7

what movement does anterior leg compartment do

Answer 7

dorsiflexion of foot

extension of toe

Question 8

which nerve supplies anterior leg muscles

Answer 8

deep fibular nerve (branch of sciatic)

Question 9

what movement does posterior leg compartment do

Answer 9

plantarflexion of foot

plantarflexion of toes

Question 10

which nerve supplies posterior leg muscles

Answer 10

tibial nerve (comes form sciatic)

Question 11

what movement does anterior thigh compartment do

Answer 11

hip flexion

knee extension

Question 12

which nerve supplies anterior thigh muscles

Answer 12

femoral nerve L2-4

Question 13

what movement does posterior thigh compartment do

Answer 13

knee flexion

hip extension

Question 14

which nerve supplies posterior thigh muscles

Answer 14

sciatic nerve (tibial nerve branch)

Question 15

what movement does medial thigh compartment do

Answer 15

aDDuction of hip

Question 16

which nerve supplies medial thigh muscles

Answer 16

obturator nerve

Question 17

what movement does gluteus maximus do

Answer 17

hip extension

Question 18

which nerve supplies the gluteal muscles

Answer 18

inferior gluteal nerve

Question 19

what movement does glutes medius and minimus do

Answer 19

abduct and medially rotate thigh

Question 20

which nerve supplies gluteus medius and minimis

Answer 20

superior gluteal nerve

Question 21

abduction of thigh muscle

Answer 21

gluteus medius and minimus

Question 22

medial rotation of thigh

Answer 22

gluteus medius and minimus

Question 23

lateral rotation of thigh

Answer 23

deep gluteal muscles (eg piriformis)

Question 24

what group of muscles does the piriformis belong

Answer 24

deep gluteal muscles

Question 25

nerve supply of deep gluteal muscles

Answer 25

sacral plexus

Question 26

which nerve winds round the neck of the fibula

Answer 26

common fibular nerve

Question 27

common fibular nerve damage presentation

Answer 27

foot drop

Question 28

foot drop

Answer 28

common fibular nerve damage

Question 29

which nerve is knee jerk testing

Answer 29

femoral L2-4 L3=knee femoral nerve supplies anterior thigh = knee extension

Question 30

what group of muscles does the sartorius belong

Answer 30

anterior thigh

Question 31

what group of muscles does the pectineus belong

Answer 31

anterior thigh

Question 32

what group of muscles does the iliopsoas belong

Answer 32

anterior thigh

Question 33

what group of muscles does the adductor muscles belong

Answer 33

medial thigh = adduction of hip

Question 34

what group of muscles does the hamstrings belong

Answer 34

posterior thigh

Question 35

what group of muscles does the semitendonous belong

Answer 35

posterior thigh

Question 36

what group of muscles does the semimembranous belong

Answer 36

posterior thigh

Question 37

what group of muscles does the biceps femoris belong

Answer 37

posterior thigh

Question 38

what group of muscles does the gastrocnemius belong

Answer 38

posterior leg

Question 39

what group of muscles does the soleus belong

Answer 39

posterior leg

Question 40

what group of muscles does the fibularis logus and fibularis brevis belong

Answer 40

lateral leg

Question 41

which nerve supplies the muscles of the dorsum of the foot

Answer 41

deep fibular - same as anterior leg

Question 42

which nerve supplies the muscles of the sole of the foot

Answer 42

tibial - same as posterior leg

Question 43

which artery is the dorsalis pedis a continuation of

Answer 43

anterior tibial

Question 44

what 2 arteries does the popliteal artery give rise to

Answer 44

anterior tibial | posterior tibial

Question 45

main hip flexor muscle

Answer 45

iliopsoas - in anterior thigh

Question 46

specifically which nerve (not just nerve roots) is tested in ankle jerk

Answer 46

tibial nerve S1-2 | supplies posterior leg

Question 47

'goes over ankle' whilst running

Answer 47

anterior talofibular ligament rupture

Question 48

'goes over ankle' whilst standing still (not moving forward)

Answer 48

calcaneofibular ligament rupture (most lateral)

Question 49

what is the thickest (hence hardest to rupture) ligament in the ankle

Answer 49

deltoid ligament

Question 50

loss of sensation in first web space only, which nerve is affected

Answer 50

deep fibular nerve | NOT L5 - bc L5 supplies more than just the first web space

Question 51

muscle weakness presentation of sciatica (think out it)

Answer 51

sciatic nerve affected = common fibular and tibial affected (entire leg (calf) and posterior thigh ``` any movements of ankle (as supplied by leg muscles) knee flexion (as supplied by posterior thigh muscles) ```

Question 52

fracture of neck of fibula

Answer 52

common fibular nerve