PHYSIOLOGY - pain

Question 1

pain response to a stimulus

Answer 1

nociceptive pain

Question 2

pain response to cell damage/infection

Answer 2

inflammatory pain

Question 3

pain with no protective function, in response to nerve damage or for no reason

Answer 3

pathological pain

Question 4

spontaneous pain in response to nerve damage (type of pathological pain)

Answer 4

neuropathic pain

Question 5

spontaneous pain for no reason (type of pathological pain)

Answer 5

dysfunctional pain

Question 6

treatment of neuropathic pain

Answer 6

gabapentin

Question 7

rare genetic condition with no nociceptive pain (pain in response to a harmful stimulus)

Answer 7

congenital insensitivity of pain (CIP)

Question 8

pathophysiology of congenital insensitivity of pain (CIP)

Answer 8

mutation in Na channels = nocireceptors dont work

Question 9

presentation of congenital insensitivity of pain (CIP)

Answer 9

easy bruising
bone fractures
joint deformity
premature death likely

Question 10

why is inflammatory pain good

Answer 10

if site is injured and you move it = painful

so inflammatory pain makes you keep it still = faster healing

Question 11

treatment of inflammatory pain

Answer 11

ibuprofen (to reduce inflammation)

Question 12

what type of pain does allodynia occur in

Answer 12

inflammatory pain

Question 13

allodynia definition

Answer 13

when a stimuli that doesnt usually cause pains does cause pain (eg brush of skin)

Question 14

why is allodynia good if injured

Answer 14

stops things touching the damaged area = heals faster

Question 15

what are the stimuli of nociceptive pain

Answer 15

thermal
mechanical
chemical

Question 16

which type of fibres in nociceptive pain give rise to the ‘first pain’

Answer 16

A(delta) fibres

Question 17

which type of fibres in nociceptive pain give rise to the ‘second pain’

Answer 17

C fibres

Question 18

what is the ‘first pain’ in nociceptive pain

Answer 18

prickling

tingling

Question 19

what is the ‘second pain’ in nociceptive pain

Answer 19

burning
throbbing
cramping
aching

Question 20

what are the 2 types of C fibres involved in nociceptive pain

Answer 20

afferent C fibres

efferent C fibres

Question 21

what detects the nociceptive stimuli (2)

Answer 21

efferent C fibre or A(delta) fibre receptors

Question 22

what happens at the efferent C fibre or A(delta) fibre receptors after the stimuli

Answer 22

Na+/Ca2+ influx = depolarisation = action potential to CNS

Question 23

after an action potential has been generated at the efferent C fibre or A(delta) fibre receptor, how does the action potential get to the CNS in nociceptive pain

Answer 23

A(delta) fibres
OR
afferent C fibres

Question 24

where are the afferent C fibres in the CNS

Answer 24

posterior horn of spinal cord

Question 25

where does the action potential for nociceptive pain end up once in the CNS

Answer 25

thalamus or brainstem

Question 26

presentation of nociceptive pain

Answer 26

brief, high threshold pain with withdrawal reflex (eg hand on a hot pan)