Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

J MSK > Bone infections > Flashcards

Bone infections Flashcards

(57 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

what are staph aureus infections treated with

A

flucloxacillin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what are staph epidermis infections treated with

A

vancomycin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what are gram negative infections treated with (2)

A

doxycycline, clindamycin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

how does bone infection present (5)

A 
rubor (red) 
calor (hot) 
dolor (painful) 
tumour (swelling) 
function laesa (loss of function)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what investigations are most important for bone infections (2)

A

CRP

culture - for infecting organism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what are the 2 general treatments for a bone infection

A

antibiotics - when organism is diagnosed, 6 weeks minimum

surgery (debridement) - if theres pus, let it out!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what is acute osteomyelitis

A

inflammation of the bone and medullary cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

where does acute osteomyelitis usually occur

A

long bones (eg legs)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what are the different aetiologies of acute osteomyelitis (6)

A 
post surgery infection 
immunocompromised (children, elderly) 
open fractures 
vascular insufficiency eg diabetes 
haematogeneous spread
prosthetic joints
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

which infecting organism is most likely to cause acute osteomyelitis in an open fracture

A

staph aureus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

how does acute osteomyelitis present in an open fracture

A

poor wound healing (non union)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what antibiotic is most likely to be used to treat an open fracture with acute osteomyelitis

A

flucloxacillin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

which microorganism is most likely the infecting organism in acute osteomyelitis associated with vascular insufficiency (eg diabetes)

A

polymicrobial (staph aureus + something else)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

how does acute osteomyelitis occur in someone with vascular insufficiency

A

through an ulcer = broken skin that doesnt heal = easily infected

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what are the risk factors for haematogeneous spread of infection causing acute osteomyelitis (5)

A

immunocompromised

prepubertal children
elderly
PWID (people who inject drugs) 
central lines 
dialysis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what is the most likely causative organism of acute osteomyelitis caused by haematogenous spread of infection

A

staph aureus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

is acute osteomyelitis caused by haematogenous spread of infection contagious or not

A

yes it is contagious

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what is the complication of acute osteomyelitis caused by haematogenous spread of infection in;
adults?

children?

A

adults - SAPHO (synovitis acne pustulosis hyperostosis osteitis)

children - CRMO (chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what type of acute osteomyelitis can TB cause

A

vertebral osteomyelitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what may patients present with if they have TB associated vertebral osteomyelitis

A

fever

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what test needs to be done if someone is diagnosed with TB

A

HIV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what are the most common infecting organisms in acute osteomyelitis associated with prosthetic joints (2)

A

staph aureus

staph epidermis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what differs from the treatment of prosthetic joint acute osteomyelitis and the other types of acute osteomyelitis?

Study These Flashcards
A

surgery to remove the joint is required, not debridement (though it may also be needed if bad)

24
Q

which immune complex is involved in trying to remove the infection in osteomyelitis

25
what is the function of leukocytes in osteomyelitis
they cause bone lysis = pus can enter bone vessels = blocks them blocked bone vessels = repair cant happen = necrosis
26
what word is used to describe bone after it has under gone necrosis in osteomyelitis, when there is new bone formation around the infected bone
involucrum bone
27
what is the gold standard investigation for any type of acute osteomyelitis
biopsy
28
what happens when acute osteomyelitis isn't treated
it becomes chronic osteomyelitis
29
what are the causes of chronic osteomyelitis (4)
untreated acute osteomyelitis TB diabetics IVDU
30
where does chronic osteomyelitis usually present (2)
the spine or pelvis
31
what additional things will be in the presentation of someone with chronic osteomyelitis rather than just acute osteomyelitis (3)
anaemia fatigue malaise
32
what is the treatment for chronic osteomyelitis what treatment will probably be ineffective for osteomyelitis
likely amputation | antibiotics probably wont work
33
what is septic arthritis
inflammation of a joint caused by infection
34
what part of the joint is damaged in septic arthritis
articular cartilage
35
what is the aetiology of septic arthritis (4)
``` inoculation from penetrating object metaphyseal spread (from bone to bone) intra-articular surgery (eg joint replacement) haematogenous spread (by blood, eg from endocarditis, trauma etc) ```
36
if multiple joints are affected by septic arthritic, what should you suspect the cause is
infective endocarditis and haematogenous spread of the infection
37
what is the most likely infecting organism that causes septic arthritis
staph aureus
38
what is the most likely infecting organism that causes septic arthritis in kids
haem influenza (if they dont have the flu jab)
39
what is the most likely infecting organism that causes septic arthritis associated with a prosthetic joint
coag negative staph
40
what is the most likely infecting organism that causes septic arthritis in a young sexually active adult
neisseria gonorrhoea
41
how does septic arthritis present
``` mono arthritic pain hot, red, swollen v painful joint febrile (fever) tachycardia ```
42
if someone presents with monoarthritic pain, what is at the top of your differentials
septic arthritis - it must be ruled out!
43
apart form septic arthritis, what are the other differential of monoarthritic pain (3)
gout enteropathic arthritis reactive arthritis
44
what is the first line investigation for septic arthritis
fluid aspirate of joint
45
what is the first line investigation for any monoarthritic pain why
fluid aspiration of joint to exclude septic arthritis
46
what is the treatment of septic arthritis (2)
antibiotics - flucloxacillin first then depending on organism surgery - to remove pus and replace joint
47
what symptoms and signs differentiate septic arthritis from gout
febrile (fever) tachycardia increased WCC
48
what soft tissue infection feels like bubble wrap
necrotising fasciitis
49
how do you prevent replacement joints getting infected
24 hours of antibiotics after surgery
50
how does an infected arthroplasty present
fever pus oozing from wound pain around joint replacement
51
what is a complication of untreated infected arthroplasty
chronic osteomyelitis
52
how is an infected arthroplasty treated
surgery to remove pus
53
what is pyomyositis | note not a bone infection lol
infection of skeletal muscle from haematogenous spread
54
how does tetanus infection affect someone, ie pathophysiology (note not a bone infection lol)
neurotoxins attack the CNS
55
how does a tetanus infection present when is it worst (note not a bone infection lol)
muscle spasm/paralysis worse in sunlight
56
what does a tetanus infection look like on histology | note not a bone infection lol
a drumstick shape with a spore head
57
how is a tetanus infection treated | note not a bone infection lol
surgical debridement antibiotics vaccine prophylaxis

J MSK (30 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions