Anatomy: Muscles of the Lower Limb Flashcards
(208 cards)
1
Q
Which muscle is indicated by the arrow?
A
Plantaris
2
Q
What is the function of the muscles of the posterior thigh?
A
Extensors of the thigh and flexors of the leg
3
Q
What is the function of gluteus medius and minimus?
A
Abduct and medially rotate the thigh at the hip joint
4
Q
Name the muscles of the medial thigh
A
Adductor magnus, adductor longus, adductor brevis, obturator externus, gracilis
5
Q
Name the proximal attachment of sartorius
A
ASIS
6
Q
What muscle does the inferior gluteal neuromuscular bundle supply?
A
Gluteus maximus
7
Q
Which muscle is indicated by the arrow?
A
Superior gemelli
8
Q
What is the distal attachment of the iliotibial tract?
A
Gerdy tubercle (lateral aspect of the lateral tibial condyl)
9
Q
Name the proximal attachment of long head of biceps femoris
A
Ischial tuberosity
10
Q
Which muscle is indicated by the arrow?
A
Iliacus
11
Q
Which muscle is indicated by the arrow?
A
Fibularis longus
12
Q
Name the muscles of the anterior thigh
A
Pectineus, iliopsoas (psoas major + iliacus), sartorius, quadriceps femoris
13
Q
Which muscle is indicated by the arrow?
A
Extensor hallucis longus
14
Q
What is the inferior boundary of the gluteal region?
A
Gluteal fold/sulcus
15
Q
Which muscle is indicated by the arrow?
A
Soleus
16
Q
If a patient’s right side of pelvis drops when the patient stands on their left leg, what does this indicate?
A
Weakness of the left gluteal muscles
17
Q
Which muscle is indicated by the arrow?
A
Flexor digitorum longus
18
Q
Name the proximal attachment of semimembranosus
A
Ischial tuberosity
19
Q
Name the distal attachment of obturator femoris
A
Intertrochanteric crest
20
Q
What is the function of gracialis?
A
Adduction of the thigh at the hip, weak flexion of leg at knee
21
Q
Which nerve supplies the hamstring part of adductor magnus?
A
Tibial nerve
22
Q
Name the distal attachment of semitendinosus
A
Medial surface of superior part of tibia
23
Q
Where is the gluteal region located?
A
Between the back and the posterior thigh and is posterior to the pelvis
24
Q
Name the proximal attachment of adductor brevis
A
Body of pubis and inferior pubic rami
25
Which nerve supplies the inferior gemelli and obturator femoris?
Nerve to quadratus femoris
26
What are the actions of semimembranosus?
Extend thigh, flex leg and rotate it medially when knee is flexed, can extend trunk when thigh and leg are flexed
27
Name the proximal attachment of iliacus
Iliac fossa
28
Which muscle is indicated by the arrow?
Adductor magnus
29
Name the distal attachment of gluteus medius
Greater trochanter of femur
30
Name the superficial muscles of the posterior leg
Gastrocnemius, soleus, plantaris
31
Name the proximal attachment of the adductor portion of adductor magnus
Inferior rami of pubis
32
Which muscle is indicated by the arrow?
Extensor digitorum longus
33
Which nerve supplies psoas major?
Anterior rami of L1-L3
34
What does foot drop indicate?
Reduced dorsiflexor function which typically occurs due to damage of the common fibular nerve
35
Name the proximal attachment of semitendinosus
Ischial tuberosity
36
Which muscle is indicated by the arrow?
Extensor hallucis longus
37
Which is the most superficial and largest gluteal muscle?
Gluteus maximus
38
Name the proximal attachment of extensor hallucis longus
Middle part of anterior surface of fibula and interosessous membrane
39
What is the action of tibialis posterior?
Plantarflexes ankle, inverts foot
40
Which nerve supplies the short head of biceps femoris?
Common fibular nerve
41
Name the distal attachment of sartorius
Superior, medial surface of the femur (via pes anserinus)
42
What are the actions of semimembranosus?
Extend thigh, flex leg and rotate it medially when knee is flexed, can extend trunk when thigh and leg are flexed
43
Which muscle is indicated by the arrow?
Tibialis anterior
44
What is the function of the muscles of the medial thigh?
Hip adductors
45
Name the distal attachment of the hamstring portion of adductor magnus
Adductor tubercle of the femur
46
Which muscle is indicated by the arrow?
Extensor digitorum longus
47
Name the proximal attachment of obturator internus
Internal surface of obturator membrane
48
Which two muscles make up iliopsoas?
Iliacus and psoas major
49
Which nerve supplies the superior gemelli and obturator internus?
Nerve to obturator internus
50
List the contents of the superior gluteal neuromuscular bundle
Superior gluteal artery, vein and nerve (L4, L5, S1)
51
Which muscle is indicated by the arrow?
Sartorius
52
Name the proximal attachment of flexor hallucis longus
Inferior 2/3 of posterior surface of fibula, inferior part of interosseous membrane
53
Name the proximal attachment of vastus lateralis, vastus intermedius and vastus medius
Shaft of femur
54
What is the action of flexor hallucis longus?
Flexes great toe at all joints, weakly plantarflexes angle, supports medial longitudinal arch of foot
55
Which nerve supplies the superficial muscles of the posterior leg?
Tibial nerve
56
Name the distal attachment of gastrocnemius
Posterior surface of calcaneus via calcaneal tendon
57
What is the distal attachment of the tensor fascia lata?
Inserts into iliotibial tract
58
Which muscle is indicated by the arrow?
Long head of biceps femoris
59
Which muscle is indicated by the arrow?
Semitendinosus
60
How many sole muscles are there?
11
61
Name the distal attachment of adductor longus
Linear aspera of the femur
62
Name the proximal attachment of gluteus medius
External ileum
63
Name the proximal attachment of obturator femoris
Ischial tuberosity
64
Which nerve supplies all of the muscles of the posterior thigh apart from the short head of biceps femoris?
Tibial nerve
65
Name the distal attachment of the adductor portion of adductor magnus
Linea aspera of the femur
66
Name the distal attachment of gracialis
Medial surface of the tibia
67
What is the function of the muscles of the lateral leg?
Evert foot and weakly plantarflex ankle
68
What is the function of the superficial muscles of the gluteal region?
Abduct and extend the lower limb at the hip joint
69
Name the distal attachment of gluteus maximus
Iliotibial tract
70
What is the function of the muscles of the anterior leg?
Dorsiflexors of ankle and extensors of toes
71
Which muscle is indicated by the arrow?
Tibialis anterior
72
What is the function of adductor brevis?
Adduction of the thigh
73
Which muscle is indicated by the arrow?
Tibialis posterior
74
Which muscle is indicated by the arrow?
Popliteus
75
What is the function of sartorius?
Flexor, abductor and lateral rotation of the hip joint, flexor of the knee joint
76
Which nerve supplies all the muscles of the medial thigh except for the hamstring part of adductor magnus?
Obturator nerve
77
Which muscle is indicated by the arrow?
Fibularis brevis
78
What is the lateral boundary of the gluteal region?
Greater trochanter of the femur
79
Which muscle is indicated by the arrow?
Pectineus
80
What is the function of biceps femoris?
Flexes leg and rotates it laterally when knee is flexed, extends thigh
81
What is the action of flexor digitorum longus?
Flexes lateral 4 digits, plantarflexes ankle, supports longitudinal arches of foot
82
Name the proximal attachment of psoas major
Lumbar vertebrae
83
Name the proximal attachment of fibularis tertius
Inferior third of anterior surface of fibula and intersseous membrane
84
Name the proximal attachment of gluteus maximus
Iliac crest, sacrum, sacrotuberous ligament and coccyx
85
What is the function of iliopsoas?
Flexes the thigh at the hip joint
86
Which muscle is indicated by the arrow?
Gastrocnemius (heads)
87
Name the distal attachment of flexor digitorum longus
Bases of distal phalanges of lateral 4 digits
88
Name the muscles of the posterior thigh
Biceps femoris, semimembranosus, semitendinosus
89
Name the distal attachment of fibularis longus
Base of 1st metatarsal and medial cuneiform
90
Which muscle is indicated by the arrow?
Gluteus minimus
91
What is the function of both parts of adductor magnus?
Adduction of the thigh
92
Name the distal attachment of extensor hallucis longus
Dorsal aspect of base of distal phalanx of great toe (hallux)
93
What is the function of extensor digitorum longus?
Extends lateral 4 digits and dorsiflexes ankle
94
Name the distal attachment of tibialis posterior
Tuberosity of navicular cuneiform, cuboid, and sustentaculum tali of calcaneus, bases of 2nd, 3rd and 4th metatasals
95
What is the function of fibularis tertius?
Dorsiflexes ankle and aids in eversion of foot
96
Name the muscles of the anterior leg
Tibialis anterior, extensor digitorum longus, extensor hallucis longus, fibularis tertius
97
Name the distal attachment of piriformis
Greater trochanter of femur
98
Which muscle is indicated by the arrow?
Inferior gemelli
99
Name the proximal attachment of flexor digitorum longus
Medial part of posterior surface of tibia
100
Name the distal attachment of plantaris
Posterior surface of calcaneus via calcaneal tendon
101
Name the distal attachment of extensor digitorum longus
Middle and distal phalanges of lateral 4 digits
102
What is the function of tibialis posterior?
Dorsiflexes ankle and inverts foot
103
Name the proximal attachment of the lateral head of gastrocnemius
Lateral condyle of femur
104
Name the proximal attachment of piriformis
Sacrum
105
How many interosseous muscles are there?
7
106
Which muscle is indicated by the arrow?
Flexor hallucis longus
107
What is the proximal attachment of the tensor fascia lata?
ASIS
108
Name the proximal attachment of gracialis
Inferior rami and body of pubis
109
Which muscle is indicated by the arrow?
Vastus lateralis
110
Name the muscles of quadriceps femoris
Rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus intermedius, vastus medius
111
Which muscle is indicated by the arrow?
Tibialis posterior
112
Which nerve supplies the muscles of the lateral leg?
Superficial fibular nerve
113
Name the distal attachment of popliteus
Posterior surface of tibia
114
What is the action of the interosseous muscles?
Adduction/abduction of the toes
115
Name the distal attachment of iliopsoas
Lesser trochanter of the femur
116
What is the function of the tensor fascia lata?
Assists the gluteus medius and minimus in abduction and medial rotation of the lower limb
117
What is the function of gluteus maximus?
Most powerful extensor of the hip
118
What is the fascia lata?
Deep fascial investment of the musculature of the thigh
119
Which muscle is indicated by the arrow?
Gluteus medius
120
What is the superior boundary of the gluteal region?
Iliac crests
121
Which muscle is indicated by the arrow?
Obturator internus
122
Which muscle is indicated by the arrow?
Adductor longus
123
Which muscle is indicated by the arrow?
Piriformis
124
Which two tendons make up the calcaneal (Achilles) tendon?
Gastrocnemius and soleus
125
Name the deep muscles of the posterior leg
Popliteus, flexor hallucis longus, flexor digitorum longus, tibialis posterior
126
Name the deep muscles of the gluteal region
Piriformis, superior and inferior gemelli, obturator interns, quadratus femoris
127
Name the distal attachment of fibularis tertius
Dorsum of base of 5th metatarsal
128
Name the superficial muscles of the gluteal region
Gluteus maximus, medius and minimus
129
Name the proximal attachment of fibularis longus
Head and superior 2/3 of lateral surface of fibula
130
What are the actions of quadriceps femoris?
Extension of the knee, weak flexion of the hip for rectus femoris
131
Name the proximal attachment of rectus femoris
ASIS
132
Name the proximal attachment of tibialis posterior
Lateral condyle and superior half of lateral surface of tibia and interosseous membrane
133
Which muscle is indicated by the arrow?
Rectus femoris
134
Name the distal attachment of tibialis anterior
Medial and inferior surfaces of medial cuneform and base of 1st metatarsal
135
What is the tensor fascia lata?
Muscular part of the fascia lata enclosed within the proximal portion of the tract
136
Where is the inferior gluteal neuromuscular bundle located?
Deep to gluteus maximus
137
Name the proximal attachment of adductor longus
Pubis
138
Which muscle is indicated by the arrow?
Obturator externus
139
Name the nerve which supplies the sole and interosseous muscles
Tibial nerve
140
What is the action of the sole muscles?
Flexion of the toes
141
Name the distal attachment of both portions of biceps femoris
Lateral side of head of fibula
142
What is the function of gastrocnemius?
Platarflexes ankle when knee is extended, raises heel during walking, flexes leg at knee joint
143
Name the proximal attachment of short head of biceps femoris
Linea aspera and lateral supracondylar line of femur
144
What is the function of the superficial muscles of the posterior leg?
Plantarflexors of the ankle
145
Name the distal attachment of gluteus minimus
Greater trochanter of femur
146
Name the distal attachment of the gemelli
Ischial tuberosity
147
Name the proximal attachment of gluteus minimus
External ileum
148
Name the distal attachment of soleus
Posterior surface of calcaneus via calcaneal tendon
149
Name the proximal attachment of the hamstring portion of adductor magnus
Ischial tuberosity
150
Which nerve supplies piriformis?
Anterior ramus of S1, S2
151
Which muscle is indicated by the arrow?
Psoas major
152
What is the iliotibial tract?
Deep thickening of the fascia lata
153
Name the distal attachment of obturator externus
Greater trochanter
154
Which muscle is indicated by the arrow?
Gluteus maximus
155
Name the nerve which supplies the dorsal muscles
Deep fibular nerve
156
What is the action of fibularis brevis?
Everts foot and weakly plantarflexes ankle
157
Name the proximal attachment of soleus
Posterior aspect of head and superior quarter of posterior surface of fibula, soleal line and middle third of medial border of tibia
158
What is the function of plantaris?
Weakly assists gastrocnemius in plantarflexing ankle
159
Which muscle is indicated by the arrow?
Obturator femoris
160
How many dorsal muscles are there?
2
161
Which nerve supplies the tensor fascia lata?
Superior gluteal nerve
162
Name the proximal attachment of tibialis posterior
Interosseous membrane, posterior surface of tibia inferior to soleal line, posterior surface of fibula
163
What is the function of extensor hallucis longus?
Extends great toe and dorsiflexes ankle
164
What is the action of fibularis longus?
Everts foot and weakly plantarflexes ankle
165
Name the proximal attachment of the medial head of gastrocnemius
Popliteal surface of femur
166
Name the proximal attachment of the gemelli
Ischial spine
167
Where does the fascia lata end?
Distal to the bony prominences of the tibia
168
Which nerve supplies the muscles of the anterior leg?
Deep fibular nerve
169
Which nerve supplies gluteus medius and minimus?
Superior gluteal nerve
170
What is the function of the deep muscles of the gluteal region?
Lateral rotators of the thigh and hip stabilises
171
Which muscle is indicated by the arrow?
Flexor digitorum longus
172
What is the proximal attachment of the iliotibial tract?
ASIS
173
List the contents of the inferior gluteal neuromuscular bundle
Inferior gluteal artery, vein and nerve (L5, S1, S2)
174
What is the function of adductor longus?
Adduction of the thigh
175
Which muscle is indicated by the arrow?
Flexor hallucis longus
176
Name the proximal attachment of plantaris
Inferior end of lateral supracondylar line of femur, oblique popliteal ligament
177
What does a positive Trendelenburgn sign indicate?
Damage to the gluteus medius/gluteus minimus or their nerve supply (superior gluteal nerve)
178
Name the distal attachment of obturator internus
Trochanteric fossa
179
What is the action of popliteus?
Laterally rotates the femur on the tibia to allow flexion
180
What is the function of the hamstring portion of adductor magnus?
Extension of the thigh
181
Name the proximal attachment of extensor digitorum longus
Lateral condyle of tibia and superior 3/4 of medial surface of fibula and intersseous membrane
182
Where does the calcaneal (Achilles) tendon attach to?
Calcaneal tuberosity of the calcaneous
183
What is the function of the adductor portion of adductor magnus?
Flexion of the thigh
184
Which muscle is indicated by the arrow?
Adductor brevis
185
Name the distal attachment of fibularis brevis
Dorsal surface of tuberosity on lateral side of base of 5th metatarsal
186
Name the proximal attachment of obturator externus
Membrane of the obturator foramen
187
Where is the superior gluteal neuromuscular bundle located?
Deep to gluteus medius
188
Which muscle is indicated by the arrow?
Vastus medialis
189
Which muscle is indicated by the arrow?
Gracialis
190
Which nerve supplies gluteus maximus?
Inferior gluteal nerve
191
Why can the short head of biceps not be considered a 'true' hamstring?
Attaches proximally to linea aspera of the femur, not to the ischial tuberosity
Does not cross the hip joint - does not contribute to movement
Supplied by the common fibular branch of the sciatic nerve rather than the tibial branch
192
Which nerve supplies pectinous, iliacus, sartorius and quadriceps femoris?
Femoral nerve
193
Name the proximal attachment of popliteus
Lateral surface of lateral condyle of femur and lateral meniscus
194
Where does the fascia lata begin?
Around the iliac crest
195
Which muscles does the superior gluteal neuromuscular bundle supply?
Gluteus medius and minimus
196
What is the function of soleus?
Platarflexes ankle, steadies leg on foot
197
Name the distal attachment of flexor hallucis longus
Base of distal phalanx of great toe (hallux)
198
Name the distal attachment of adductor brevis
Linear aspera of the femur
199
Name the proximal attachment of fibularis brevis
Inferior 2/3 of lateral surface of fibula
200
What is the knee jerk reflex?
Deep tendon reflex elicited by striking the patellar ligament with a tendon hammer to suggest a sudden stretch of the quadriceps muscle
201
Which muscle is indicated by the arrow?
Semimembranosus
202
Which muscle is indicated by the arrow?
Fibularis tertius
203
Name the distal attachment of semimembranosus
Posterior part of medial condyle of tibia
204
Name the distal attachment of quadriceps femoris
Patella (via quadriceps tendon) then tibial tuberosity (via patellar tendon/ligament)
205
Which muscle is indicated by the arrow?
Short head of biceps femoris
206
Name the muscles of the lateral leg
Fibularis longus, fibularis brevis
207
What is the action of the dorsal muscles?
Short extension of the toes
208
What is the function of obturator externus?
Adduction and lateral rotation of the thigh
