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Anatomy nervous system Flashcards

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1
Q

Order of nerves from brachial plexus

A

Roots, trunks, divisions, cords, branches

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2
Q

Which plexus does subcostal originate from

A

Lumbar

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3
Q

Saphenous nerve is a branch of

A

Femoral

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4
Q

Course of saphneous nerve

A

Runs in adductor canal with femoral artery
Doesn’t run through adductor hiatus
Crosses femoral artery to lie medially and passes between sartorial and gracilis, passing through deep fascia to run inferiorly with great saphenous vein

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5
Q

Branches of facial nerve extracranial

A

Branches to posterior auricular, stylohyoid, and to post digastric

Then enters parotid
Temporal, zygomatic, buccal, marginal mandibular, cervical

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6
Q

Nerve supply of pinna and external acoustic meatus

A

Greater auricular C2
Lesser occipital
Auriculotemporal (V3)

EAM- AT ant, vagus, PA from facial

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7
Q

Nerve damaged for foot drop

A

Common peroneal

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8
Q

Klumpke vs erb palsy anatomically

A

Erb- upper trunk C5,C6

Klumpke- lower C8, T1

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9
Q

Nerve roots of medial, lateral and posterior cord

A

Lateral- C5-C7
Posterior - C5-T1
Medial - C8, T1

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10
Q

Which muscles foes medial plantar supply

A

First lumbrical
FDB
FHB
Abductor hallicus

LAFF

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11
Q

Sensory supply of forearm

A

Lateral cutaneous nerve of forearm - from muscocutaenous
Medial cutaneous- brachial plexus
Posterior -radial nerve

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12
Q

Course of superficial radial nerve

A

At the cubital fossa as the radial nerve divides into superficial and deep branches at the level of the lateral epicondyle

Travels in a plane between the brachioradialis and pronator teres muscles.

About 7cm proximal to the wrist, it pierces the deep fascia of the forearm to wind around the radius, pass over the anatomical snuffbox

Provides sensory function to the dorsal of hand

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13
Q

Sensory function of radial nerve

A

Lower lateral arm
Posterior arm
Posterior forearm
Dorsal of hand - by superficial branch

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14
Q

Branches of radial nerve

A

Superficial
Deep- which continues at posterior interosseous after passing through supinator

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15
Q

Nerve roots assigned to each movement in upper limb

A

C5- elbow flexion
C6- wrist extension
C7- elbow extension
C8- flexion of middle distal phlanx
T1- little finger abduction

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16
Q

Symptoms of facial nerve palsy proximal to internal acoustic meatus

A

Hyperacousis - stapedius
Decreased salvation - nerves to sublingual and submandibular
Loss of taste in ant 2/3- chorda tympani
Unilateral face paralysis

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17
Q

Nerve root of sciatic nerve

A

L4,5 S1-3

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18
Q

Scatic nerve pathway out of pelvis

A

Greater sciatic foreamen
Under piriformis
Over top of obturator externes and quadratus femoris
On top of adductor magnus

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19
Q

Dermatomes of leg

A

L1- hip and groin
L2- Anterior thigh
L3- knee
L4- medial lower leg (floor)
L5- lateral
S1-little toe
S2- post knee
S3,4,5 smaller circles in central buttock

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20
Q

Symptoms of different areas radial nerve damage occurs

A

Above elbow- reduced sensation in forearm
In spiral groove- tricep reflex maintained, but brachioradialis decreased

Axillary- tricep reflex lost, decreased sensation of triceps

Below- sensation in tact in forearm

Wrist- isolated sensory changes in dorsum of hand

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21
Q

Vagus nerve relations

A

Passes in between internal jugular and common carotid in sheath

Right R passes under subclavian

Left R passes under aortic arch from anterior to posterior lateral to ligament arteriosum

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22
Q

Where does the radial nerve pass through triceps

A

Between medial and long head of triceps

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23
Q

Ulnar nerve roots

A

C8, T1

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24
Q

Radial nerve roots

A

C5-T1

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25
Median nerve roots
C5-T1
26
Ulnar nerve pathway
Travels down between axillary vein and artery to lies posterior to carocobrachialis Medial to brachial artery In forearm passes between 2 heads of FDP
27
Roots of cervical plexus
C1-4
28
Branches of cervical plexus
Nerves to genio and thyrohyoid- C1 Greater auricular -C2,3- sensation to external ear and parotid Lesser occipital - C2- posterior scalp sensory Transverse cervical - C2 and C3. It curves around the posterior aspect of the sternocleidomastoid, and supplies sensation to the anterior neck Ansa cervicalis - loop of nerves, formed by nerve roots C1-C3. It gives off four muscular branches: Superior belly of the omohyoid muscle Inferior belly of omohyoid muscle Sternohyoid Sternothyroid Phrenic - C3,4,5- diaphragm Supraclavicular nerves- C3,4 - sensory to supraclavicular fossa
29
Where to do a cervical nerve block
Midway up the posterior border of the sternocleidomastoid As this is where lots of cutaneous branches emerge
30
Median nerve course
Lies lateral Cross over to medial at midpoint of humerus Separated from ulnar nerve in forearm by pronator teres Gives off anterior interosseous Supplying PQ, FPL, FDP
31
Phrenic nerve course
Arrises from anterior C3,4,5 Passing between scalenus medius and anterior Travel laterally to vagus then anterior Right courses inferiorly lateral to SVC onto fibrous pericardium overlying right atrium Travels anterior to root of lung then passes through with IVC at canal orifice at T8 Left- crosses anterior arch of aorta (vagus is posterior) Courses inferiorly anterior to left pulmonary artery Crosses left lung root anteriorly Pierces central tendon of diaphragm
32
Where each cervical ganglion lie
Superior C2-3 Middle C6 Inferior C7- often infusing with thoracic- called stellate
33
What cranial nerves receive input from superior cervical ganglion
II, III IV, VI and IX. For sympathetic input
34
Action of trochlear nerve
Down and in
35
Nerves passing through tendinous ring
Superior division of the oculomotor nerve (CNIII) Nasociliary nerve (branch of ophthalmic nerve) Inferior division of the oculomotor nerve (CNIII) Abducens
36
Where does the ciliary ganglion lie and what goes through it
Apex of orbit, lateral to optic nerve Sensory from nasociliary Post Sympathetic from internal carotid Pre para from Erdinger Westphal
37
What is the carotid plexus
Sympathetic fibres from cervical ganglion
38
Where does vagus originate
Medulla
39
How do vagus nerves enters abdomen in relation
At T10 Left anterior to oesophagus Right posterior
40
Branches of vagus
Pharyngeal Superior laryngeal- splits into internal and external Recurrent laryngeal Cardiac
41
Damage to stellate ganglion can lead to
Horners syndrome
42
Cremastatic innervation
Gential of genitofemoral L1-2
43
Which nerve causes Meralgia parasthesia
Lateral cutaneous nerve of thigh
44
What may distinguish between a peripheral nerve lesions vs nerve root
Whether it has a motor/sensory deficit
45
Symptoms of ilioinguinal injury
Parasthesia over pubis and anterior scrotum
46
Motons neuroma effects which nerve
Common plantar nerve
47
Origination of CN
CN3-4 midbrain (3 at junction) 5-8 Pons originate (6-8 junction between pons and medulla) 9-12 Medulla (11 originate in spinal cord)
48
Which cranial nerves have parasympathetic innervation
3- sphincter pupillae, cilliary 7- lacrimal, submandibular, sublingual 9- parotid 10- abdo viscera up until colic flexure
49
Is wrist extension possible if damage to posterior interosseous muscle
Yes Since main branch of radial supplies EDRL
50
Which 2 muscles does radial nerve pass between when entering forearm
Brachial and brachioradialis
51
Which structure separates discs from spinal cord
Posterior longitudinal ligament
52
What controls circadian rhythm in hypothalamus
Suprachiasmic nucleus
53
What controls temperature in hypothalamus
Pre optic, anterior and posterior nuclei
54
Sphenoid sinus and pituitary relation
Pituitary superior
55
blood supply of pituitary
Share venous Different arterial ANt- superior hypophyseal artery (a branch of the internal carotid artery). This vessel first forms a capillary network around the hypothalamus Post- inferior hypophyseal
56
Areas of pituitary
Pars anterior – the largest part, responsible for hormone secretion. Pars intermedia – a thin epithelial layer that separates the pars anterior from the posterior lobe. Pars tuberalis – an upwards extension of the pars anterior that surrounds the anterolateral aspect of the infundibulum.
57
Pelvic splanchnic roots
S2-4
58
Where does the vagus supply up to in the gut and what supplies beyond
Until the midgut - until splenic flexure Beyond is pelvic splanchnic
59
Symp and para innervation of pupil
Sym- superior cervical T1 Para- CN 3
60
Which ventricle is bound laterally by thalamuc
Third
61
What is between optic chimsm and pituitary
Diaphragma sella Fold of dura covering - between optic chasm
62
Relation of stellate ganglion
Anterior to the neck of the first rib Stellate fuses with frost thoracic
63
Stroke effecting medial pons symptoms
Contains 6,7th CN Also 5th and 8th Inability to abduct, facial palsy mainly Also cause hemisensory loss Horners
64
What area does the middle meningeal artery originate
Infratemporal from maxillary
65
Sympathetic ganglion to abdo
Greater- T5-9- coeliac- foregut Lesser- T10-11- SM- midgut Least-T12- renal Lumbar splanchnic- IML1-2 hindgut
66
Lateral geniculate nucleus of thalamus is involved in
Vision
67
Where taste is perceived in brain
Solitary nucleus
68
Where is the inferior sagittal sinus located
Enclosed in posterior half of free margin of flax cerebri Has no valves
69
Anterior vs middle cerebral artery symptoms
Anterior - Leg>arm Middle - Arm, face >leg Largest , most commonly affected
70
Branches of basilar arteries
AICA Pontine arteries Superior cerebellar PCA
71
Wernicke and Broca location and function
Wernicke- comprehension, temporal lobe Broca- language production, frontal lobe of dominant
72
Midbrain, pons, medulla other names
Midbrain- mesencephalon Pons- meten Medulla- myelen
73
What connects hypothalamus and pituitary
Infundibiulum Posterior hypothalamus- neurosecretory cells which run down to poster pituitary - called median eminence Anterior- hypophyseal portal vessels connects
74
Nucleus in hypothalamus controlling satiety
Verntromedial
75
Where is ADH synthesised
Supraotpic nuclei of hypothalamus
76
Sympathectomy levels and what is avoided
T2-3 Avoid T1 for Horners
77
Stroke to thalamus symtpoms
Contraleteral hemianaethesia Hyperaesthesia Mood swings
78
Cause of macular sparing homonymous hemianopia
Occipital stroke If occipital pole in tact through dual supply of MCA
79
Pedicles vs laminae
Pedicles- body and transverse Lamina- transverse and spinous
80
Intrafusal vs Extrafusal muscle fibres
Intrafusal- detect change of length Extrafusal- contraction- a motor
81
What can narrow spinal cord posteirorly
Ligamentum flavus hypertrophy
82
Cause of locked in syndrome
Basillar artery occlusion
83
Which vertebra do the facet joints lie parallel to frontal plane
Cervical
84
Spinal nerves of sacral plexus
L4-S4
85
Problem in spondylosis and its location
Pars Artciularis Part of a vertebra located between the inferior and superior articular processes of the facet join
86
Most common spondylosis vertebrae
L5
87
Roots of femoral
L2-4
88
Guillan Barre features
Ascending paralysis Autonomic neuropathy Arrythmia Acute dymelingation
89
Location of venous plexus of spine
Epidural space
90
Can extend knee but not flex- level of damage
L5
91
Myotomes of leg
Hip flexion- L1/2 Knee extension-L3 Dorsiflexion-L5 Great toe- L5 Ankle plantar- S1

eMRCS questions (45 decks)

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