anatomy of cvs

Question 1

whats the function of the heart?

Answer 1

to pump blood

Question 2

whats the function of the arteries?

Answer 2

distribute blood from the heart

Question 3

whats the function of the capillaries?

Answer 3

exchange nutrients

Question 4

whats the function of the veins

Answer 4

collect and return blood to the heart

Question 5

whats the function of the lymphatics

Answer 5

drain excess extracellular fluid from tissues

Question 6

where is heart located?

Answer 6

middle mediastinum

Question 7

what are the two main circulations?

Answer 7

pulmonary

systemic

Question 8

what is the pulmonary circulation?

Answer 8

heart-lungs- heart

Question 9

what is the systemic circulation?

Answer 9

Heart-body-heart

Question 10

whats the mediastinum?

Answer 10

area of the thoracic cavity between pleual sacs

Question 11

what ribs does the heart lie in?

Answer 11

T5-T8

Question 12

where is the apex of the heart

Answer 12

bottom of the heart, lies in the 5th intercostal space

Question 13

what are the layers of the heart?

Answer 13

endocardium
myocardium
epicardium

Question 14

what is the endocardium made of?

Answer 14

Epithelium + *BM + Connective tissue

Question 15

what muscle is myocardium made out of?

Answer 15

cardiac muscle

Question 16

what is epicardium made of?

Answer 16

Connective tissue + *BM + Epithelium

Question 17

does endocardium form valves?

Answer 17

yes

Question 18

is myocardium striated or non?

Answer 18

striated

Question 19

what are myocytes connected by?

Answer 19

intercalated discs

Question 20

what are cusps?

Answer 20

thin structures derived from endocardium

Question 21

what prevents valve failure?

Answer 21

chordae tendineae

Question 22

what are the two valves called

Answer 22

mirtal and tricuspid

Question 23

which side of the heart is mitral valve?

Answer 23

left

Question 24

which side of the heart lies the tricuspid

Answer 24

right

Question 25

what does stenosis of a valve mean?

Answer 25

narrowing

Question 26

what is incompetence of a valve?

Answer 26

abnormal cusp and blood flows back through it

Question 27

where are coronary arteries located?

Answer 27

epicardium

Question 28

what happens in systole openings?

Answer 28

aortic sinuses shielded by aortic valve cusps

Question 29

what happens in diastole?

Answer 29

elastic recoil of aorta closes aortic valve and blood enters arteries

Question 30

what holds the heart in place?

Answer 30

Hangs” by great vessels within fibrous pericardium Dense connective tissue bag Attachments Central tendon of diaphragm Sternum Roots of great vessels

Question 31

what does the serous pericardium produce

Answer 31

Secretes pericardial fluid – lubricant

Question 32

whats the visceral layer of the serous pericardium?

Answer 32

bound to heart

Question 33

whats the parietal layer of the serous pericardium?

Answer 33

bound to fibrous pericardium

Question 34

what are the three tunics of blood vessels?

Answer 34

tunica intima, media, externa/adventitia

Question 35

what is the tunica intima made of?

Answer 35

Epithelium + BM + Connective tissue

Question 36

what is tunica media made of?

Answer 36

Muscle + Elastic tissue

Question 37

what is tunica externa made of?

Answer 37

fibrous connective tissue

Question 38

which has the smaller diameter between arteries and veins?

Answer 38

arteries

Question 39

do arteries or veins have a thicker wall?

Answer 39

arteries

Question 40

do arteries have a thick media and thick adventitia (externa)

Answer 40

thick media | thin adventitia

Question 41

do veins have a thick media and thick adventitia (externa)

Answer 41

thin media | thick adventitia

Question 42

what are the three type of arteries?

Answer 42

elastic muscular arterioles

Question 43

what are the elastic arteries?

Answer 43

large conducting | eg aorta, common carotid, pulmonary

Question 44

what are the muscular arteries?

Answer 44

distrubuting arteries | eg coronary arteries, radial, femoral

Question 45

what are the arterioles arteries?

Answer 45

terminal branches which supply blood to capillary bed

Question 46

what is the function of elastic arteries

Answer 46

Pressure reservoir Stretched during systole During diastole heart relaxes pressure falls, the artery recoils thereby maintaining pressure on the blood This recoil and stretchability is due to presence of extensive amounts of elastic fibres in T. Media in the form of layers = laminae

Question 47

what are elastic fibres secreted by?

Answer 47

smooth muscle cells

Question 48

what is the function of muscular arteries?

Answer 48

Controls distribution of blood to regions

Question 49

what type of muscle is T.media?

Answer 49

smooth muscle

Question 50

what are the two defined sheets in which elastic fibres are concentrated in?

Answer 50

internal elastic lamina

Question 51

where is the thin external?outer elastic lamina?

Answer 51

between T.media and T. adventitia

Question 52

do arterioles have a T. adventitia?

Answer 52

no

Question 53

what gradually changes histologically to become arterioles?

Answer 53

smaller muscular arteries

Question 54

what are the function of arterioles?

Answer 54

Rich sympathetic nerve innervation Control blood flow to capillary beds (local) Control blood pressure (systemic)

Question 55

whats the main site for nutrients, gases?

Answer 55

capillaries

Question 56

are capillaries thick or thin

Answer 56

thin

Question 57

do capillaries have all three tunicas?

Answer 57

no they only have T.intima

Question 58

what are the three types of capillary?

Answer 58

continuous fenestrated discontinuous

Question 59

what are the characteristics of a continuous capillary?

Answer 59

Can control what is exchanged | Selective transport mechanisms

Question 60

where might there be fenestrated capillaries?

Answer 60

. endocrine glands, kidney renal corpuscle

Question 61

what are characteristics of discontinuous capillaries?

Answer 61

Gaps between endothelial cells (and basement membrane) Allow free passage of fluid and cells Eg. liver, spleen, bone marrow

Question 62

true or false: T.intima contains phagocytic cells

Answer 62

true

Question 63

where do you find sinusoids?

Answer 63

liver and some endocrine glands

Question 64

why do veins need a thicker adventitia?

Answer 64

they are floppy and need some support

Question 65

what are the main difference between arterie and vein

Answer 65

diametre thickness of wall adventitia

Question 66

true or false: capillaries are a single cell folded on itself

Answer 66

true

Question 67

what are pericytes?

Answer 67

incomplete layer of cells surrounding basement membrane – have contractile properties which help control flow of blood in the capillaries.

Question 68

what are sinusoids?

Answer 68

variation of a discontinuous capillary | has a large diametre and wider than you would expect

Question 69

what are precapillary sphincters?

Answer 69

close the capillary to allow a AV shunt

Question 70

are the internal and external lamina thick in veins?

Answer 70

no - thin or absent

Question 71

do veins have T. meda?

Answer 71

thin or absent

Question 72

what is the T. adventitia made out of in veins?

Answer 72

collagenous tissue

Question 73

where are the difference in superficial and deep veins most obvious?

Answer 73

lower limb

Question 74

whats the differene in superficial and deep veins?

Answer 74

superficial- thick walled no surrounding support deep- thin walled surrounding support from deep fascia and muscles

Question 75

what is the diagnostic difference between a vein and lymphatic channel?

Answer 75

there should be no red blood cells in lymphatic channels