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1st year systems > lower resp tract infection > Flashcards

lower resp tract infection Flashcards

1
Q

whats the uuk incidence of pneumonia?

A

5-11 per 1000

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2
Q

whats the mortality rate of in hospitalised patients with pneumonia?

A

5.7-12%

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3
Q

what are symptoms of pneumonia?

A 
malaise
fever
chest pain
cough
purulent sputum
dyspnoea
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4
Q

what are signs of pneumonia?

A 
pyrexia
tachpnoea
central cyanosis
dullness on percussion of affected lobe
bronchial breath sounds
inspiratory crepitations
increased vocal resonance
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5
Q

how do you investigate pneumonia?

A 
Serum biochemistry and full blood count
Chest X-Ray (CxR)
Blood cultures
Throat swab (for atypical pathogens)
Urinary legionella antigen
Sputum microscopy and culture
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6
Q

whats the most commen mycobacteria that contributes to pneumonia?

A

strep Pneumoniae

and H.influenzae

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7
Q

what is the pneumonic for severity if pneumonia?

A 
CURB 65
confusion
blood urea >7
Resp rate >30
Blood pressure <60
age >65
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8
Q

what is the scoring like for severity of pneumonia?

A

0 - low risk and could be treated in community
1-2 hospital treatment usually required
3-5 high risk of death and need for ITU

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9
Q

what would the treatment be for CURB 0-1 ?

A

amoxycillin or clarithromycin/ doxycycline

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10
Q

what would the treatment be for CURB 2?

A

Amoxycillin and clarithromycin or levofloxacin

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11
Q

what would the treatment be for CURB 3-5

A

Co-amoxiclav and clarithromycin or levofloxacin (if penicillin allergic)

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12
Q

what are other treatments for pneumonia that isnt antibiotics?

A

oxygen
i.v. fluids
CPAP
intubation and ventilation

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13
Q

what is pneumonia?

A

inflammatory condition of the lung affecting primarily the small air sacs known as alveoli

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14
Q

what are complications of pneumonia?

A 
Septicaemia
Acute Kidney Injury
Empyema
Lung Abscess
Haemolytic anaemia (mycoplasma)
ARDS
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15
Q

what other diseases or conditions have the same symptoms thus making it hard to differentiate between?

A 
Tuberculosis
Lung cancer
Pulmonary embolism
Cardiac failure
Pulmonary vasculitis (Wegners granulomatosis)
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16
Q

what is empyema?

A

a collection of pus in the pleural cavity caused by microorganisms, usually bacteria. Often it happens in the context of a pneumonia, injury, or chest surgery. It is one of the various kinds of pleural effusion.

17
Q

what would you use to investigate empyema?

A

CT thorax

pleural utlrasound

18
Q

is empyema presented with a cough?

A

no

19
Q

how is empyema diagnosed?

A

diagnostic pleural asspiration

20
Q

whats the/ treatment for empyema

A

chest drain

intravenous antibiotics

21
Q

what are lung abscess

A

a type of liquefactive necrosis of the lung tissue and formation of cavities (more than 2 cm)[1] containing necrotic debris or fluid caused by microbial infection.

22
Q

what are the symptoms of lung abscess?

A

may be non specific
lethargy
weight loss
jigh swinging fever

23
Q

how would you investigate lung abscesses?

A

Investigate with CT thorax and sputum culture (including TB microscopy and culture).

24
Q

what are the causes of bronchiectasis?

A 
Idiopathic
Immotile Cilia Syndrome
Cystic fibrosis
Childhood infections such as measles
Hypogammaglobulinaemia
Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis (ABPA)
25
Q

what are symptoms of bronchiectasis?

A

chronic cough
daily sputum
sometimes: wheeze, dyspnoea, tiredness, flitting chest pains, haemoptysis

26
Q

what are the signs of bronchiecstasis?

A

finger clubbing

course inspiratory crepitations

27
Q

how would you investigate bronchiectasis?

A 
HRCT Thorax
Sputum culture
microbiology typicall includes haemophilus influenzae, staph. aureus and pseudomonas aeruginosa
Serum immunoglobulins
Total IgE and Aspergillus precipitins
CF genotyping
28
Q

whats the treatment of bronchiectasis?

A

Chest physiotherapy
Prompt treatment of infections with appropriate antibiotics
May require inhaled therapy including beta2 agonist and inhaled corticosteroid.

29
Q

whats acute bronchitis

A

inflammation of the trachea and bronchi

30
Q

what is myalgia?

A

muscle aches

31
Q

what would you give to a patient with pneumonia if they are allergic to penecillin (amoxycillin)?

A

clarithromycin or doxycycline

1st year systems (74 decks)

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