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1st year systems > developmental aspects of lung disease > Flashcards

developmental aspects of lung disease Flashcards

1
Q

what are the stages of lung morphogenesis?

A 
embryonic
pseudo glandular
canalicular
saccualr
alveolar
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2
Q

does alveolar separation continues during postnatal lung growth?

A

yes

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3
Q

what stages of lung development is organogenesis?

A

embryonic and pseudoglandular

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4
Q

what stages of lung development is differentiation?

A

canalicular
saccular
alveolar

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5
Q

what happens during organogenesis?

A

formation of major airways
formation of bronchial tree and portions of respiratory parenchyma
birth of acinus

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6
Q

what happens during canalicular?

A

last generations of the lung periphery formed
epithelial differentiation
air-blood barrier formed

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7
Q

what happens during saccular?

A

expansion of air spaces

surfactant detectable in amniotic fluid

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8
Q

what happens during alveolar?

A

secondary seperation

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9
Q

what is the acinus

A

resspiratory airways and alveoli

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10
Q

when is the trachea and main bronchus formed?

A

4-7 gestation, embryonic stage

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11
Q

when is the bronchi and bronchioli formed?

A

5-17 weeks of gestation

pseudoglandular

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12
Q

when is the respiratory airways formed?

A

16-27 weeks of gestation

canalicular stage

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13
Q

when is the alveoli formed?

A

28 weeks

sacular alveoli stage

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14
Q

What are 3 embryonic congenital lung diseases?

A

tracheal, laryngeal stenosis
pulmonary agenesis
tracheo-oesophageal fistula

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15
Q

What is tracheal, laryngeal stenosis

A

narrowing of the airway

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16
Q

what is pulmonary agenesis

A

complete absence of the lung parenchyma, bronchus and lung vasculature.

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17
Q

What is tracheo-oesophageal fistula

A

abnormal connection in one or more places between the esophagus and the trachea Normally, the esophagus and the trachea are two separate tubes that are not connected.

18
Q

what are common pseudo glandular congenital diseases?

A

pulmonary sequestration
cystadenomatoid malformation
cyst formation

19
Q

when does the diaphragm close

A

18 week

20
Q

what are diaphragmatic abnormalities

A

Diaphragmatic hernia

21
Q

what is eventration

A

protrusion of contents of the abdomen through a defect or weakness in the abdominal wall.

22
Q

what are the functional changes in lung at birth?

A

Change from fluid secretion to fluid absorption

Pulmonary vasodilatation

23
Q

which type of pneumocytes secrete surfactant?

A

type 2

24
Q

what is a neonatal lung disease?

A

Surfactant deficiency
Hyaline Membrane Disease (RDS)
Chronic neonatal lung disease (BPD, CLDP)

25
Q

whats the treatment of surfactant defiecency

A 
Antenatal glucocorticoids
Surfactant replacement
Oxygen
CPAP
Mechanical ventilation
26
Q

what is the 3rd leading cause of death in the world

A

COPD

27
Q

what are the three growth and development of the lung?

A

morphogenesis
surfactant system
postnatal lung growth

28
Q

what are the abnormalities of growth and development of the lung

A

congenital lung disease

hyaline membrane disease

29
Q

how many lobes on the right lung?

A

3

30
Q

how many lobes on the left lung?

A

2

31
Q

why is it called pseudo glandular

A

all these cells are very metabloliclaly active

32
Q

when is uterine life possible?

A

canalicular level

33
Q

when does organogenesis occur?

A

4-16 weeks (embryonic and pseudo glandular)

34
Q

when does differentiation occur?

A

16-38 weeks

canicular, saccular and alveolar

35
Q

when would you see airway stenosis

A

early on in embryonic stage

36
Q

how does airway malacia happen

A

blood vssel that hasnt been formed properly

37
Q

does nronchogenic cyst happen earlier or later?

A

later

38
Q

how do you pick up presenting features?

A 
fetal ultrasounds
newborn- trachypnea
resp distress
childhood- stridor
recurrent pneumonia
incidentsl finding
39
Q

what are symptoms of tracheo-bronchomalacia

A

Barking/seal-like cough
Early onset/recurrent “croup”
Breathless on exertion
Stridor/wheeze

40
Q

how do you manage tracheo-bronchomalacia

A

Airway clearance physiotherapy
Antibiotics
Avoid “asthma” treatment (especially bronchodilators)

41
Q

where does diaphragmatic hernia usually occur?

A

left more likely than right

42
Q

what is remodelling

A

alteration of structure following an external influence

1st year systems (74 decks)

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