Anatomy of joints and ligaments (joints) Flashcards
What is a joint?
An articulation between two or more bones
What is a plane joint?
Two flat surfaces sliding over one another
What is a Hinge joint?
A cylindrical surface with a corresponding receiving surface
What is a pivot joint?
Joint that rotates along the longitudinal axis (peg fitted around a ring)
What is a condylar joint?
two ‘knuckle shaped’ condyles with corresponding concave surfaces
What is an ellipsoidal joint?
Ovoid convex surface with corresponding concavity
What is a saddle joint?
Two fitting surfaces, each maximally convex in one
direction and maximally concave in another
What is a ball and socket joint?
Sphere and cup morphology
What are the rotations around the cranio-caudal axis?
Abduction or adduction
What is adduction?
Bringing the limb towards the body/ midline
What is abduction?
Taking the limb away from the body/ midline
What are the rotations around the medio-lateral axis?
Flexion or extension
What is flexion?
Bending/ reducing the joint angle
What is extension?
Straightening/ increasing the joint angle
What are the rotations around the proximal-distal axis?
Pronation or supination
