Anatomy of Joints and Ligaments (the forelimb)

Question 1

What type of joint was the glenohumeral joint?

Answer 1

A ball and socket joint

Question 2

What is another name for the glenohumeral joint?

Answer 2

The shoulder

Question 3

What was the glenohumeral joint in between?

Answer 3

The scapula and the humerus (glenoid cavity and humeral head)

Question 4

Why does the glenohumeral joint have no true collateral ligaments?

Answer 4

The muscles that cross the joint provide enough support

Question 5

What is found inbetween the greater and lesser tubercle and what is its function?

Answer 5

intertubular groove and it helps guide the biceps brachii tendon

Question 6

What holds the biceps brachii tendon in place in the intertubular groove?

Answer 6

The transverse humeral ligament

Question 7

What is an adaptation to the biceps brachii tendon in carnivores, pigs and sheep?

Answer 7

A joint capsule extends around the tendon acting as a synovial sheath

Question 8

What is an adaptation to the biceps brachii tendon in horses and cattle?

Answer 8

an intertubecular bursa is located between the tendon and sulcus

Question 9

What is the humeroradioulnar (elbow) joint?

Answer 9

A hinge joint between the humerus, radius and ulna that allows flexion and extension

Question 10

What are the three parts that the humeroradioulnar joint encapsulates?

Answer 10

Humeral condyle, Head of radius and Ulna

Question 11

Where are the ligaments located on the humeroradioulnar joint?

Answer 11

lateral and medial collateral ligaments are located either side of the joint and restrict movement

Question 12

What is the proximal radioulnar joint?

Answer 12

an additional joint between the radius and ulna that is fused in horses and ruminants but allow supination in carnivores/ pigs

Question 13

How many carpal joints are there?

Answer 13

three that act together as a hinge

Question 14

What is the antebrachiocarpal joint?

Answer 14

Joint between the radius/ulna and the proximal row of carpal bones

Question 15

What is the middle carpal joint?

Answer 15

Joint between the two rows of carpal bones

Question 16

What is the carpometacarpal joint?

Answer 16

between the distal row of carpal bones and the metacarpals

Question 17

Where are the lateral and medial collateral ligaments found on the carpal joints?

Answer 17

Located on either side and they restrict movement

Question 18

Where are intercarpal joints and ligaments found?

Answer 18

Between individual carpal bones

Question 19

Where are the intermetacarpal joints found?

Answer 19

Between the proximal metacarpal bones

Question 20

What forms the carpal canal?

Answer 20

Accessory carpal bone, Other carpal bones and the flexor retinaculum and palmar carpal ligament

Question 21

What passes through the carpal canal?

Answer 21

Tendons and synovial sheaths of superficial and deep digital flexors, Nerves and arteries/veins

Question 22

Where can you find the MCP joint?

Answer 22

Between the proximal metacarpal bones and proximal phalanges

Question 23

Where can you find the medial/collateral ligaments?

Answer 23

They are located on either side of the joint and restrict movement

Question 24

Where can you find phalangeal joints?

Answer 24

Between the phalanges

Question 25

Where can you find the proximal interphalangeal joint?

Answer 25

Between the proximal and middle phalanges

Question 26

What animals have an additional annular ligament around the humeroradioulnar joint?

Answer 26

Carnivores

Question 27

What kind of joints are the carpal joints?

Answer 27

Hinge joints that allow flexion/extension

Question 28

In what animals does the antebrachiocarpal joint share a joint capsule with the distal radioulnar joint?

Answer 28

Carnivores + pigs

Question 29

What is the purpose of the transverse humeral ligaemnt?

Answer 29

To hold the biceps brachii tendon in place