Introduction to muscles

Question 1

What are the 3 kinds of muscle found in the body?

Answer 1

Smooth, Striated and Cardiac

Question 2

What type of muscle is cardiac muscle?

Answer 2

Striated

Question 3

What are the connective tissues surrounding muscle known as?

Answer 3

fascia

Question 4

When do tendons occur?

Answer 4

When connective tissues merge and attach to bones

Question 5

What are collagen fibres known as when the muscle attaches directly to bone?

Answer 5

Sharpey fibres

Question 6

What is the difference between tendons and aponeurosis

Answer 6

Tendons are cylindrical, aponeurosis are flat sheets

Question 7

What makes up a motor unit?

Answer 7

Motor neurone and the fibre it innervates

Question 8

What feature of tendons allows them to store a lot of energy?

Answer 8

They have crimped collagen with a lot of elastic recoil, they also have fibres that weave together

Question 9

What are the different bundles of collagen found in tendons?

Answer 9

Primary, Secondary and tertiary

Question 10

What modifications do tendons have to protect against pressure and friction?

Answer 10

Sesamoids contain tendon sacs and bursae

Question 11

What are bursae?

Answer 11

Bursae are small fluid-filled sacs that reduce friction between moving parts in your body’s joints.

Question 12

What are the two different types of ligaments?

Answer 12

White and Yellow

Question 13

What are white ligaments?

Answer 13

Rich in collagen, not very elastic

Question 14

What are yellow ligaments?

Answer 14

Contain lots of elastic fibres

Question 15

What do tendons connect?

Answer 15

they connect muscle to bone

Question 16

What do ligaments connect?

Answer 16

bone to bone

Question 17

What is force in muscles correlated to?

Answer 17

The muscle cross section// how many fibres are in parallel with each other

Question 18

What is PCSA?

Answer 18

A measure of the muscle cross-sectional area

Question 19

What are pennate muscles?

Answer 19

Where the fibres are inserted at an angle, they have a larger strength but less change in length

Question 20

What are Parallel muscles?

Answer 20

Fibres that are parallel with each other and with the line of action, more fibres packed in series means more muscle shortening

Question 21

What is concentric contraction?

Answer 21

When the muscle shortens

Question 22

What is eccentric contraction?

Answer 22

When the muscle lengthens

Question 23

What is isometric contraction?

Answer 23

When the muscle stays the same length

Question 24

What is a synergist muscle?

Answer 24

Other muscles may help or modify the action of an agonist,
without directly contributing to the action
e.g by eliminating unwanted side effects

Question 25

What is an origin?

Answer 25

a muscle attachment that is most proximal/ central

Question 26

What is an insertion?

Answer 26

a muscle attachment that is distal/ peripheral

Question 27

What are Type 1 muscle fibres?

Answer 27

Slow oxidative

Question 28

What are type IIa muscle fibres?

Answer 28

Fast oxidative

Question 29

How many nerves are muscles usually supplied by?

Answer 29

one nerve

Question 30

What are both tendons and ligaments made out of?

Answer 30

Dense connective tissue

Question 31

What is the nuchal ligament and what kind of ligament is it an example of?

Answer 31

Connects the head to the first thoracic vertebrae, an example of a yellow ligament (elastic)

Question 32

What is a raphe?

Answer 32

a strip of connective tissue

linea alba is an example, it connects the abdominal muscles