Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

VMS 1005 > Bone Physiology > Flashcards

Bone Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

What is bone?

A

Rigid form of connective tissue

Collagen fibres, GAG’s, and mineral salts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are osteocytes?

A

main cell found in bone, they are found in small spaces called lacunae, projections from the cell membrane spread through the caniculi to sense whats happening in the extracellular matrix

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is an osteogenic cell?

A

a cell that develops into an osteoblast

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is an osteoblast?

A

a cell that forms bone tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How do osteocytes communicate?

A

they communicate through gap junctions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How do osteoblasts form bone tissue?

A

They synthesize and secrete collagen and other components of the bone matrix

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Where are the end products of bone degradation absorbed into/

A

into the osteoclasts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What do osteoclasts leave behind as they resorb bone?

A

they leave behind mitogens (growth factors) to
encourage osteoblasts to mature and lay down matrix

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Where does the nutrient artery enter from?

A

through nutrient foramens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Where does the nutrient artery supply the bones from?

A

supplies the inner 2/3 of the bone from the endosteum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What supplies the outer third of the bone?

A

Periosteal vessels, via attachments of muscles and tendons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the endosteal side of the bone?

A

woven or cancellous bone that houses the bone marrow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What makes up 95% of the bone matrix?

A

collagen fibres

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

hydroxyapatite

A

filler between collagen fibres that provides strength

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is cortical bone also known as?

A

compact bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Where does the osteocyte come from?

A

the mesenchymal stem cell line

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is osteoid?

A

The substance that is secreted from osteoblasts before it becomes mineralised bone

18
Q

What are the two sides of bones?

A

endosteal and periosteal

19
Q

What does the endosteal side of the bone contain?

A

It houses the bone marrow and the main blood supply

20
Q

What does the periosteal side of the bone contain?

A

it is the outer bone surface that can also bring blood to the bone via soft tissue

21
Q

What is endochondral ossification?

A

ossification that begins in the primary growth plate in the centre of long bones

22
Q

What marks skeletal maturity?

A

When the growth plate closes

23
Q

What is intramembranous ossification?

A

growth occurs in the membrane rather than in a cartilaginous structure (occurs in flat bones)

24
Q

Where are collagen fibres embedded in bone?

A

They are embedded into GAG’S or glycosaminoglycans (mineral salts are also embedded)

25
Q

What makes up the majority of long bones?

A

Dense cortical bone

26
Q

What makes up the majority of irregular bones?

A

Cancellous bone

27
Q

What makes up flat bones?

A

They are thin cortical plates with small amounts of cancellous bone in-between

28
Q

What are canaliculli?

A

Small canals that connect adjacent lacunae

29
Q

What are lacunae

A

small spaces in the mineralised matrix that house osteocytes

30
Q

How do osteocytes communicate with each other?

A

Through gap junctions

31
Q

What separates bone fluid from other fluids in the body?

A

bone cell layer (made up of endosteum periosteum and haversian canals)

32
Q

What is osteoid?

A

the substance secreted by the osteoblasts

33
Q

How does osteoid become mineralised bone?

A

mixes with calcium phosphate that is also secreted from osteoblasts

34
Q

How do osteoclasts destroy the bone matrix?

A

They acidify their environment to dissolve the calcium phosphate, they also digest collagen and other matrix proteins

35
Q

What parts of the bone does the nutrient artery supply?

A

The inner 2/3 of the bone from the endosteum

36
Q

What supplies the outer 1/3 of the bone with blood?

A

Periosteal vessels

37
Q

What is apositional growth?

A

Increase in the diameter of the bone (bone becomes thicker)

38
Q

How does intamembranous growth work?

A

Osteoblasts between the membrane secrete osteoid (osteoblasts differentiate from mesenchymal cells) this then becomes woven bone, lamellar bone and the outer periosteum then forms

39
Q

How does endochondral growth work?

A

Bones begin as hyaline cartilage, Chondrocytes die leaving open spaces in the cavity of the bone
Blood vessels enter the primary ossification centre, osteoblasts enter through the blood vessels and begin to produce spongy bone, which over time will become a medullary cavity

40
Q

What are perforating canals?

A

(haversian) Canals that move horizontally through the bone

41
Q

Where does the blood supply run in the endosteal side of bones?

A

Inside of a volkmanns canal

VMS 1005 (33 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions