Anatomy of Spinal Nerves

Question 1

Each pair of spinal nerves supplies?

Answer 1

Everything in one segment of the body wall

Question 2

Spinal nerve

Answer 2

Mixed

Question 3

Rami

Answer 3

Mixed

Question 4

Root

Answer 4

Sensory/Motor

Question 5

Rootlet

Answer 5

Sensory/Motor

Question 6

What is somatic sensory?

Answer 6

Sensation receptors in the body wall

Question 7

What sort of things do somatic sensory receptors sense?

Answer 7

Pain
Temperature
Vibration
Touch
Proprioception

Question 8

What do somatic motor axons synapse with?

Answer 8

All the skeletal muscles of the body wall

Question 9

Where are all sympathetic axons carried?

Answer 9

On spinal nerves

Question 10

What do sympathetic axons control?

Answer 10

Glands and smooth muscle of arterioles

Question 11

Describe spinal reflexes.

Answer 11

Segmental synapses between somatic motor and somatic sensory axons

Question 12

There is no parasympathetics in the body wall

Answer 12

TRUE

Question 13

Spinal reflex tests look at 2 things, what are they?

Answer 13

Dermatomes (sensory)

Myotomes (motor)

Question 14

Dermatome

Answer 14

Area of skin supplied by one spinal nerve pair

Question 15

Myotome

Answer 15

Skeletal muscle supplied by one spinal nerve pair

Question 16

Name a common location of CVA.

Answer 16

Internal capsule

Question 17

What does dermatome testing allow you to test?

Answer 17

Dorsal root
Dorsal rootlet
Spinal nerve

Question 18

C1

Answer 18

No sensory components

Question 19

C2

Answer 19

Back of scalp

Adam’s apple

Question 20

C3

Answer 20

Back of neck

Jugular notch

Question 21

C4

Answer 21

Clavicle

Shoulder tip

Question 22

C5

Answer 22

Badge patch

Question 23

C6

Answer 23

Thumb

Question 24

C7

Answer 24

Middle finger

‘C seven points to heaven’

Middle finger is longest finger

Question 25

C8

Answer 25

Little finger

Question 26

T1

Answer 26

Medial forearm

Question 27

T2

Answer 27

Medial arm | Sternal angle

Question 28

T4

Answer 28

Male nipple

Question 29

T10

Answer 29

Umbilicus

Question 30

T12

Answer 30

Pubic symphysis

Question 31

L1

Answer 31

Groin | 'Hands in pockets'

Question 32

L2

Answer 32

Anterior thigh

Question 33

L3

Answer 33

Anterior knee

Question 34

L4

Answer 34

Medial malleolus

Question 35

L5

Answer 35

Dorsum of foot

Question 36

S1

Answer 36

Heel

Question 37

S2

Answer 37

Posterior knee

Question 38

S3

Answer 38

Buttock

Question 39

S4

Answer 39

Perineum

Question 40

S5

Answer 40

Perianal skin

Question 41

What does posterior rami supply?

Answer 41

A strip of skin centrally down the back and posterior neck

Question 42

What anterior rami do not contribute to a plexus?

Answer 42

T2-T12

Question 43

What nerves supply the upper anterolateral chest wall?

Answer 43

Intercostal nerves

Question 44

What nerves supply the lower anterolateral chest wall?

Answer 44

Ilioinguinal | Iliohypogastric

Question 45

Anterior rami of T12 is?

Answer 45

Subcostal nerve

Question 46

Definition of a spinal nerve.

Answer 46

Contains axons originating from one spinal cord level

Question 47

Definition of a named nerve.

Answer 47

Contains axons originating from one or more spinal cord level, supplying a particular area

Question 48

What spinal cord level is the femoral nerve?

Answer 48

L2-L4

Question 49

The femoral nerve has spinal cord nerves from 3 segments. What does this mean?

Answer 49

The femoral nerve crosses 3 dermatomes

Question 50

How can the named nerves that supply the skin to the neck be remembered?

Answer 50

LITTLE - lesser occipital GOATS - greater auricular nerve TREAD - transverse cervical nerve SOFTLY - supraclavicular nerve

Question 51

What is the posterior skin of the neck supplied by?

Answer 51

Posterior rami of spinal nerves C2-C8

Question 52

What is the anterolateral neck skin supplied by?

Answer 52

Cervical plexus (C1-C4)

Question 53

Lesser occipital nerve

Answer 53

C2 | Skin to posterior ear

Question 54

Greater auricular nerve

Answer 54

C2,C3 | Skin over the angle of the mandible

Question 55

Transverse cervical nerve

Answer 55

C2,C3 | Skin over anterior neck

Question 56

Supraclavicular nerve

Answer 56

C3,C4 | Skin over clavicle and shoulder tip

Question 57

What is an important area in the upper limb, for referred pain from the myocardium? (give spinal cord levels)

Answer 57

T1 and T2 anterior rami

Question 58

What supplies cutaneous innervation to the anatomical snuffbox?

Answer 58

Cutaneous branches of the RADIAL nerve

Question 59

Axillary nerve

Answer 59

C5, C6

Question 60

Radial nerve

Answer 60

C5, C6, C7, C8, T1

Question 61

Ulnar nerve

Answer 61

C7, C8, T1

Question 62

Median nerve

Answer 62

C5, C6, C7, C8, T1

Question 63

Cutaneous branch of musculocutaneous nerve

Answer 63

C5, C6, C7

Question 64

Outline the series of events that occurs when a peripheral nerve is tested.

Answer 64

1. Stimulation 2. AP travels along axons of plexus 3. AP continues to anterior rami 4. AP reaches spinal nerve 5. AP travels to posterior root 6. AP travels to posterior rootlet 7. AP reaches posterior horn of spinal cord

Question 65

C5 myotome tests what muscle? Explain the movement.

Answer 65

Deltoid | Shoulder abduction

Question 66

C6 myotome tests what muscle? Explain the movement

Answer 66

Biceps brachii | Elbow flexion

Question 67

C7 myotome tests what muscle? Explain the movement

Answer 67

Triceps brachii | Elbow extension

Question 68

C8 myotome tests what muscle? Explain the movement

Answer 68

Flexion digitorum superficialis | Finger flexion

Question 69

T1 myotome tests what muscle? Explain the movement

Answer 69

Dorsals interossei | Finger abduction

Question 70

L3 tests what muscle? Explain the movement

Answer 70

Quadriceps femoris | Knee extension

Question 71

L4 tests what muscle? Explain the movement

Answer 71

Tibialis anterior | Ankle dorsiflexion

Question 72

L5 tests what muscle? Explain the movement

Answer 72

Extensor hallucis longus | Great toe extension

Question 73

S1 tests what muscle? Explain the movement

Answer 73

Gastrocnemius | Ankle plantar flexion

Question 74

S2 tests what muscle? Explain the movement

Answer 74

Biceps femoris | Knee flexion

Question 75

Outline the stages that occur when the motor function of a peripheral nerve is tested.

Answer 75

1. AP started voluntarily by 1y somatosensory cortex 2. AP's via UMN or corticospinal tract 3. AP goes along axon of anterior horn 4. UMN synapses with LMN 5. AP travels along spinal neve 6. AP goes along either anterior/posterior rami 7. AP reaches NMJ of muscle

Question 76

What is a reflex?

Answer 76

An involuntary response to a stimuli

Question 77

When the patella tendon is tapped, what fibres are stretched?

Answer 77

Quadriceps fibres

Question 78

Cluneal nerves are the only ones that are always posterior rami

Answer 78

TRUE

Question 79

Outline the stages of the patella tap reflex.

Answer 79

1. Tendon tapped 2. Stretches quads fibres 3. Muscle initiates AP's in anterior rami of femoral nerve 4. Sensory AP conducted to dorsal horn of L3 5. Axons pass to anterior horn to LMN of quads 6. AP via LMN of femoral nerve travel to quads 7. Muscle contracts, knee extended

Question 80

UMN lesions are?

Answer 80

Spasticity

Question 81

LMN lesions are?

Answer 81

Flaccidity

Question 82

Biceps brachii

Answer 82

C5, C6

Question 83

Triceps brachii

Answer 83

C7

Question 84

Brachioradialis

Answer 84

C6

Question 85

Knee jerk

Answer 85

L3

Question 86

Ankle jerk

Answer 86

S1

Question 87

A footballer presents with a 2 month history of worsening 'pins and needles' in his left lateral upper thigh which has been getting worse and is not completely numb. What nerve is involved? Explain this.

Answer 87

Lateral cutaneous nerve of the thigh L2,L3 Compression neuropathy of the right lateral cutaneous nerve of thigh by the inguinal ligament due to physiological muscle hypertrophy in an athlete Footballers get this as they have good hip flexors which bulge and trap the nerve