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Neurology > Anatomy of the PNS > Flashcards

Anatomy of the PNS Flashcards

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1
Q

What are neurones?

A

The basic unit of the nervous system

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2
Q

Nucleus?

A

Collection of nerve cell bodies in the CNS

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3
Q

Ganglion?

A

Collection of nerve cell bodies in the PNS

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4
Q

What part of a neurone connects with other neurones?

A

Dendrites

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5
Q

Schwann cells produce myelin in the …?

A

PNS

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6
Q

Oligodendrocytes produce myelin in the …?

A

CNS

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7
Q

What are the 2 main types of neurones?

A

Multipolar

Unipolar

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8
Q

Which type of neurone is more common?

A

Multipolar

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9
Q

Nerves vs Neurones

A

Nerves in CNS

Neurones in PNS

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10
Q

Multipolar neurones have how many dendrites?

A

2 or more

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11
Q

All of what are multipolar neurones?

A

the MOTOR neurones of SKELETAL MUSCLE + ANS

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12
Q

Where are the cell bodies of multipolar neurones?

A

CNS

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13
Q

Unipolar neurones have….

A

Double processes

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14
Q

What are unipolar neurones also known as?

A

Pseudounipolar

Sensory

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15
Q

The cell bodies of unipolar neurones are in the CNS

A

FALSE

PNS

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16
Q

Multipolar

A

MOTOR

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17
Q

Unipolar

A

SENSORY

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18
Q

Efferent neurones direction?

A

Towards the body wall, cavity or organ

Away from the brain

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19
Q

Efferent?

Affrent?

A

Motor

Sensory

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20
Q

Afferent neurone direction?

A

Towards the brain

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21
Q

What is a ‘tract’ in the CNS?

A

Collections of axons surrounded by connective tissue and blood vessels

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22
Q

Nerves can be either …… or ….. modality?

A

Single or mixed

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23
Q

Single modality nerves are either?

A 
Somatic motor
Somatic sensory
Special sensory
Sympathetic 
Parasympathetic
Visceral afferent
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24
Q

Tracts are usually a …… modality?

A

Single

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25
What is mixed modality?
Somatic motor, somatic sensory and sympathetic all together in one nerve
26
What does CNV supply i) sensory ii) motor supply to?
i) face | ii) muscles of mastication
27
Where does CNV arise?
Pons
28
CN VII supplies i) motor ii) special sensory to what?
i) muscles of facial expression | ii) special sensory to anterior 2/3rds of tongue
29
What muscles does CN XI innervate?
Sternocleidomastoid and trapezius
30
Cranial nerves are named from ANTERIOR TO POSTERIOR, then from MEDIAL TO LATERAL, what is the exception?
CNXII is the exception – it jumps back to the medial part of the medulla oblongata
31
How many pairs of spinal nerves are there?
31
32
How many pairs of each?
``` 8 cervical 12 thoracic 5 lumbar 5 sacral 1 coccygeal ```
33
Where are spinal nerves found?
ONLY in the intervertebral foramina
34
What do spinal nerves connect with?
Structures of the body wall via rami | Spinal cord segment of the same number via roots
35
Posterior rami of the spinal cord are smaller than anterior rami
TRUE
36
Where do anterior rami provide innervation to?
Anterior body wall | Lateral body wall
37
Where do posterior rami provide innervation to?
Posterior body wall
38
What is the location of cell bodies of primary afferent neurones?
Dorsal root ganglion
39
Dorsal
Posterior
40
Ventral
Anterior
41
SPINAL NERVES ARE ALL.....
MIXED
42
Describe where all sensory axons pass from and to.
ALL sensory axons pass from the spinal nerve into the posterior root, then into the posterior rootlets, then into the posterior horn of the spinal cord
43
Describe where all motor axons pass from and to.
ALL motor axons pass from the anterior horn of the spinal cord into the anterior rootlets then into the anterior root then into the spinal nerve
44
T4
Male nipple
45
T10
Umbilicus
46
What does each spinal nerve supply a body segment with?
General sensory Somatic motor Sympathetics to skin, and smooth muscle of arterioles
47
An area of skin supplied with sensory innervation from single spinal nerve is a?
Dermatome
48
What is a myotome?
The skeletal muscles supplied by motor innervation by a single spinal nerve
49
What does the innervation of skin by adjacent spinal nerves show?
OVERLAP
50
What spinal nerves supply the dermatomes of the lower limb, gluteal region and perineum?
L2-CO1
51
What dermatomes are in the upper limb?
C5-T1
52
What dermatomes are at the posterior scalp, neck and shoulder?
C2-C4
53
What are nerve plexuses?
Intermingled ANTERIOR RAMI from a number of adjacent spinal nerves
54
Cervical plexus
C1-C4
55
Brachial plexus
C5-T1
56
Lumbar plexus
L1-L4
57
Sacral plexus
L5-S4
58
Where do sympathetics exit the spinal cord?
T1-L2 | thoracolumbar outflow
59
What do only T1 to L2 segments of the spinal cord have? Why?
Lateral horns | For cell bodies of the next sympathetic neurones in the chain
60
Where does sympathetic outflow originate from? Then what is their rout?
Brain Spinal cord Exit via T1-L2
61
Where does sympathetic outflow originate from? Then what is their route?
Brain Spinal cord Exit via T1-L2
62
Sympathetic outflow is present in all what?
Spinal nerves
63
Where do ‘presynaptic’ sympathetic axons pass?
These supply ‘motor’ innervation, so pass through anterior rootlets/root
64
What do presynaptic parasympathetic axons leave the CNS via?
Cranial nerves III, VII, IX, X | Sacral spinal nerves
65
Where does the ciliary ganglion travel to?
Eye
66
Where does the vagus nerve travel to?
Organs of the neck, chest and abdomen, as far as the midgut
67
Where do sacral spinal nerves travel?
Hindgut, pelvis and perineum
68
Outline the symptoms of Horner's.
Miosis Ptosis Anhydrosis Increased warmth and redness
69
What causes the symptoms of Horner's?
Impaired sympathetic innervation to the head and neck
70
Suggest causes of compression of the cervical parts of the sympathetic trunk.
* Root of neck trauma. * Carotid dissection. * Internal jugular vein engorgement. * Deep cervical node mets. * Pancoast tumour (lung apex).

Neurology (42 decks)

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