Overview of the Nervous System

Question 1

CNS?

Answer 1

Brain and spinal cord

Question 2

PNS?

Answer 2

12 pairs of cranial nerves
+
31 pairs of spinal nerves and their branches

Question 3

In development, what happens at 4 weeks?

Answer 3

Primary vesicles are developed

Question 4

Name the primary vesicles of the brain.

Answer 4

Prosencephalon
Mesencephalon
Rhombencephalon

Question 5

At 6-8 weeks, what does the prosencephalon become?

Answer 5

Telencephalon
+
Diencephalon

Question 6

At 6-8 weeks, what does the mesencephalon become?

Answer 6

Stays the same

Question 7

At 6-8 weeks, what does the rhombencephalon become?

Answer 7

Metencephalon
+
Myelencephalon

Question 8

The telencephalon becomes the?

Answer 8

Cerebral hemispheres

Question 9

The diencephalon becomes the?

Answer 9

Thalamus
+
Hypothalamus

Question 10

The mesencephalon becomes the?

Answer 10

Midbrain

Question 11

The mesencephalon becomes the?

Answer 11

Pons
+
Cerebellum

Question 12

The myelencephalon becomes the?

Answer 12

Medulla

Question 13

The combinations of the midbrain, pons and medulla is known as?

Answer 13

Brainstem

Question 14

‘Little brain’ is the….

Answer 14

Cerebellum

Question 15

Name the 2 main cells types in the CNS.

Answer 15

Neurones

Glial cells

Question 16

The ‘communicators’ are the glial cells?

Answer 16

FALSE

The neurones

Question 17

Define the role of neurones.

Answer 17

They receive info via synapses, integrate the information then transmit electrical impulses to other cells

Question 18

Neurones are …..polar with …. dendrites and … axon

Answer 18

Multipolar
Many dendrites
1 axon

Question 19

In what direction do dendrites carry information?

Answer 19

To the neurone

Question 20

In Greek, what does glial mean?

Answer 20

Glue

Question 21

There are more neurones in the CNS than glial cells

Answer 21

FALSE

More glial cells

Question 22

Name the 4 major types of glial cells.

Answer 22

Astrocytes
Oligodendroytes
Microglia
Ependymal cells

Question 23

Give the major feature of astrocytes.

Answer 23

They have many processes…like a star

Astro - think astronomy

Question 24

What is not found in the CNS?

Answer 24

Connective tissue

Question 25

Outline the function of astrocytes.

Answer 25

MAINTAIN THE BBB Support Homeostasis

Question 26

What makes myelin in the CNS?

Answer 26

Oligodendrocytes

Question 27

What has numerous branches that extend to make myelin and a round nuclei?

Answer 27

Oligodendrocytes

Question 28

What are microglia similar to?

Answer 28

Macrophages

Question 29

What is the role of microglia?

Answer 29

Immune monitoring | Antigen presenting

Question 30

The brain has a very, very fast rate of lymphoid trafficking?

Answer 30

FALSE, it is very slow

Question 31

Describe the structure of microglia in resting state.

Answer 31

Elongated nucleus | Many short, spiny cell processes

Question 32

What happens to microglia when they are activated by a bacterial infection?

Answer 32

They become rounder and look more like a macrophage

Question 33

Describe ependymal cells.

Answer 33

Ciliated cuboidal/columnar epithelium that lines ventricles and makes CSF

Question 34

Sulcus

Answer 34

IN

Question 35

Gyrus

Answer 35

OUT

Question 36

Grey matter in the brain is OUTER

Answer 36

TRUE

Question 37

White matter in the brain is INNER

Answer 37

TRUE

Question 38

What does grey matter contain?

Answer 38

Lots of neurones Synapses Supporting cells

Question 39

What does white matter form?

Answer 39

The medullary centre

Question 40

What does white matter contain?

Answer 40

Axons - and their myelin (this is why it is white) | Supporting cells

Question 41

What is found inside white matter?

Answer 41

More grey matter :(

Question 42

Describe white and grey matter in the spinal cord.

Answer 42

WHITE - OUT | GREY - IN 'H' shape

Question 43

Anterior horn is MOTOR?

Answer 43

TRUE

Question 44

Posterior horn is SENSORY?

Answer 44

TRUE

Question 45

Sylvian fissure?

Answer 45

Lateral fissure

Question 46

What does the central gyrus separate?

Answer 46

Motor and sensory parts of the brain

Question 47

What is the lentiform nucleus made from?

Answer 47

Putamen + Globus pallidus

Question 48

What is found between the parietal and occipital lobes?

Answer 48

Parietal-occipital gyrus

Question 49

What is the cingulate gyrus above?

Answer 49

Corpus callosum

Question 50

What is the 4th ventricle continuous with?

Answer 50

Spinal cord

Question 51

Frontal lobe

Answer 51

Anterior to the central sulus | Superior to the lateral sulcus

Question 52

What is the frontal lobe anterior to?

Answer 52

Anterior to a line drawn from the CENTRAL SULCUS down to the CORPUS CALLOSUM

Question 53

Parietal lobe

Answer 53

Posterior to central sulcus Superior to lateral sulcus Anterior from a line from the parietal-occipital sulcus to pre-occipital notch

Question 54

What is the occipital lobe posterior to?

Answer 54

A line from the parietal-occipital sulcus to pre-occipital notch

Question 55

Temporal lobe

Answer 55

Inferior to the lateral sulcus | Anterior to a line from the parietal-occipital sulcus to the pre-occipital notch

Question 56

Where is the insular lobe hidden?

Answer 56

In the lateral fissure

Question 57

What does the insular lobe play a role in?

Answer 57

Pain

Question 58

Medially, what does the temporal lobe extend from and to?

Answer 58

Extends from the temporal pole, to a line drawn between the preoccipital notch and the anterior end of the calcarine sulcus

Question 59

How many layers of meninges is there?

Answer 59

3

Question 60

Name the layers of meninges from superficial to deep.

Answer 60

Dura Arachnoid Pia

Question 61

What does blood from the brain drain into?

Answer 61

A system of dural venous sinuses

Question 62

What do the dural venous sinuses drain into?

Answer 62

Internal jugular vein

Question 63

Middle cerebral artery supplies?

Answer 63

Lateral of cerebrum

Question 64

Anterior cerebral artery supplies?

Answer 64

Medial of cerebrum

Question 65

What is the corpus callosum?

Answer 65

A broad band of nerve fibres joining the two hemispheres of the brain