Anatomy of the GI tract - Principles - Week 9

Question 1

Name the 9 components of the GI tract.

Answer 1

Oral cavity, pharynx, oesophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, Rectum, anal canal, anus

Question 2

State 4 functions of the oral cavity.

Answer 2

Sensing, Salivation, chewing, initiating swallowing

Question 3

State 3 functions of the pharynx.

Answer 3

Defence against infection (tonsils), swallowing, airway protection

Question 4

What is the function of the oesophagus?

Answer 4

Transit from pharynx to stomach

Question 5

State 3 functions of the stomach and small intestine.

Answer 5

Transit, defence against infection (acid), digestion and absorption

Question 6

State 4 functions of the anus & anal canal.

Answer 6

Transit, reabsorption of water & electrolytes, stool formation, waste excretion

Question 7

Which 5 organs form the upper GI tract?

Answer 7

Oral cavity, pharnyx, oesophagus, stomach, small intestine

Question 8

What are the 6 areas that form the lower GI tract?

Answer 8

Caecum, appendix, colon, rectum, anal canal, anus

Question 9

Which junction separates the upper and lower GI tracts?

Answer 9

Ileocecal junction

Question 10

Which structure prevents aspiration of food?

Answer 10

Epiglottis

Question 11

Movement of opening and closing the jaw occur at the …

Answer 11

Temporomandibular joint (TMJ)

Question 12

How many muscles are required to open the jaw?

Answer 12

1

Question 13

How many muscles are required to close the jaw?

Answer 13

3

Question 14

What is the muscle for opening the jaw called?

Answer 14

Lateral Pytergoid

Question 15

What are the muscles required for closing the jaw called?

Answer 15

Medial Pytergoid, Temporalis, Masseter

Question 16

Which muscle prevents dribbling during chewing/swallowing?

Answer 16

Orbicularis Oris

Question 17

The gums are called…

Answer 17

Gingiva

Question 18

The oral cavity is lined internally with mucosa, which has which type of cells?

Answer 18

Stratified squamous epithelium

Question 19

The part of the tongue that can normally be seen is…

Answer 19

Anterior

Question 20

The front of the tongue is composed of…

Answer 20

Filiform papillae

Question 21

What do Filiform papillae do?

Answer 21

Sense temperature/touch

Question 22

Name 3 types of cell on the tongue which have taste buds.

Answer 22

Foliate papillae, vallate papillae & fungiform papillae

Question 23

What type of muscles move the tongue around?

Answer 23

Extrinsic

Question 24

What type of muscles change the shape of the tongue?

Answer 24

Intrinsic

Question 25

Which lubricant is contained in saliva?

Answer 25

Mucin

Question 26

What are the 3 main salivary glands?

Answer 26

Parotid, submandibular, sublingual

Question 27

Where is the parotid gland located?

Answer 27

Near the ear

Question 28

Where is the sublingual gland located?

Answer 28

Under the tongue

Question 29

Where are the minor salivary glands located?

Answer 29

In oral mucosa

Question 30

Name the 3 parts of the pharynx.

Answer 30

Nasopharynx, Oropharynx, Laryngopharynx

Question 31

Why are young children more likely to choke?

Answer 31

Their epiglottis is weaker

Question 32

The oesophagus is lined with which type of cells?

Answer 32

non-keratinised stratified squamous epithelium

Question 33

Where does the oesophagus pierce the abdomen?

Answer 33

T10 level

Question 34

How many layers of muscle are present on the anterolateral wall?

Answer 34

3

Question 35

What is the peritoneum?

Answer 35

A continuous serous membrane, which secretes lubricating peritoneal fluid into the peritoneal cavity

Question 36

Which part of the peritoneum invests in organs?

Answer 36

Visceral peritoneum

Question 37

Which part of the peritoneum lines the body wall?

Answer 37

Parietal peritoneum

Question 38

Name the 4 quadrants of abdominal organs.

Answer 38

RUQ, LUQ, LLQ, RLQ

Question 39

Name the 9 areas for classifying abdominal organs.

Answer 39

Epigastric, Umbillical, Pubic, Right Hypochondrium, Left Hypochondrium, Right Lumbar, Left Lumbar, Right Iguinal, Left Iguinal

Question 40

Which organs of the GI tract lie in the pelvic cavity?

Answer 40

Rectum, anal cavity, anus

Question 41

The small intestine is attached to the body wall by...

Answer 41

Mesentry

Question 42

Name the 3 parts of the small intestine

Answer 42

Duodenum, Jejunum, Ileum

Question 43

Name the 6 parts of the large intestine, starting from the ileocecal junction.

Answer 43

Caecum, (Appendix), Ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, Sigmoid colon

Question 44

The wall of the rectum and anal canal is composed of...

Answer 44

Smooth muscle

Question 45

The anus is composed from which type of muscle?

Answer 45

Skeletal

Question 46

Which direction of movement occurs during peristalsis?

Answer 46

Shortening and narrowing of the tube

Question 47

Which layer causes shortening of the GI tube?

Answer 47

Outer longitudinal layer of smooth muscle

Question 48

Which layer causes narrowing of the GI tube?

Answer 48

Inner circular layer of smooth muscle

Question 49

What is meant by colicky pain?

Answer 49

Pain in the GI tract which comes and goes

Question 50

What is the body's response to a blockage in the GI tract?

Answer 50

Increased peristalsis behind the obstruction

Question 51

What type of mucosa is present in the oral cavity, oesophagus and anus?

Answer 51

Protective

Question 52

What type of mucosa is present in the stomach?

Answer 52

Secretory

Question 53

What type of mucosa is present in the small and large intestines?

Answer 53

Absorptive

Question 54

Name the 3 sphincters in the GI tract.

Answer 54

Cricopharyngeal, pyloric, external anal

Question 55

Name the 5 organs which are included in the foregut.

Answer 55

Oesophagus to mid-duodenum, liver, gall bladder, spleen, half of pancreas

Question 56

Which 2 areas are included in the Midgut?

Answer 56

1/2 of pancreas, Mid-duodenum to proximal 2/3rds of Transverse colon

Question 57

What is meant by the Hindgut?

Answer 57

Distal 1/3rd of Transverse colon to Proximal ½ of Anal canal

Question 58

Blood supply to the abdominal organs passes through...

Answer 58

Retroperitoneum

Question 59

Blood is supplied to the abdominal organs by...

Answer 59

Descending (abdominal) aorta

Question 60

Blood is drained from the abdominal organs by the...

Answer 60

Inferior Vena Cava

Question 61

Which branch of the artery supplies the foregut organs with blood?

Answer 61

Coeliac trunk

Question 62

Which branch of the artery supplies the midgut organs with blood?

Answer 62

Superior mesenteric artery

Question 63

Which branch of the artery supplies the hindgut organs with blood?

Answer 63

Inferior mesenteric artery

Question 64

Which vein drains the foregut?

Answer 64

Splenic vein

Question 65

Which vein drains the midgut?

Answer 65

Superior mesenteric vein

Question 66

Which vein drains the hindgut?

Answer 66

Inferior mesenteric vein

Question 67

All blood from the GI tract drains to the liver through the...

Answer 67

Hepatic portal vein