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Anatomy everything > Principles - Anatomy 08 - Bones, Cartilage & Joints > Flashcards

Principles - Anatomy 08 - Bones, Cartilage & Joints Flashcards

1
Q

What are the different types of joint?

A

Fibrous, Cartilagenous, Synovial

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2
Q

What is the compromise that must be made in joints?

A

Stability vs Mobility

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3
Q

How stable are fibrous joints?

A

Quite stable

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4
Q

What are the two types of fibrous joints?

A

Syndesmoses and Sutures

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5
Q

What is the function of syndesmoses?

A

Join bones with fibrous sheets

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6
Q

Give an example of a syndesmose.

A

interosesseous membrane between radius and ulna

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7
Q

What are sutures?

A

Fusing between bones

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8
Q

Where are sutures commonly found?

A

Between the bones of the skull

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9
Q

What are fontanelles?

A

cavities in the skull which become fused over throughout life

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10
Q

What are the 3 types of fontanelles?

A

Anterior, posterior and lateral

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11
Q

Why do fontanelles exist?

A

Due to cephalic-pelvic disproportion, the birth canal is too narrow for the baby’s head so bones must cross over one another

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12
Q

How stable are cartilagenous joints?

A

Fairly stable

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13
Q

A primary cartilagenous joint is also called…

A

sychondroses

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14
Q

A secondary cartilagenous joint is also called…

A

sympheses

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15
Q

What is a syncondroses?

A

Hyaline cartilage that ossifies into bone

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16
Q

What is a sympheses?

A

Fibrocartilage separating bones

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17
Q

Where may sympheses be found?

A

Intervertebral discs

18
Q

Give an example of a sycondrose joint slipping.

A

Slipped femeral epiphysis

19
Q

Give an example of a symphese

A

Slipped intervertebral disc

20
Q

What is the outer ring of a vertebral disc called?

A

annulus fibrous

21
Q

What is the centre of a vertebral disc called?

A

nucleus pulposus

22
Q

Why is it common for a slipped disc to compress the spinal cord?

A

Nucleus pulposus herniates annulus fibrous at the weakest point which is posteriorly towards the spinal cord

23
Q

How many bones are joined by a synovial joint?

A

2 or more

24
Q

The articular surfaces of a bone involved in a synovial joint are lined with…

A

hyaline

25
Q

The joint cavity in a synovial joint contains…

A

Synovial fluid which cushions, nourishes & lubricates

26
Q

What are bursae?

A

A sac of synovial fluid that cushions a joint

27
Q

In a synovial joint, the bones are connected by…

A

ligaments

28
Q

What are the 5 subtypes of synovial joint?

A

Plane, hinge, biaxial, ball & socket, pivot

29
Q

List the types of joint in order of increasing stability.

A

Synovial, cartilagenous, fibrous

30
Q

Ball and socket joints allow for which type of movement?

A

Circumduction

31
Q

Are the hip or shoulder joints tighter?

A

Hip joint is tighter

32
Q

Is the hip or shoulder more commonly displaced?

A

Shoulder

33
Q

What is meant by ROM?

A

Normal Range of Movement

34
Q

What is meant by subluxation?

A

reduced area of contact between articular surfaces

35
Q

What is meant by dislocation?

A

Complete loss of contact between articular surfaces

36
Q

What is the joint between the cranium and the vertbral column called?

A

craniovertebral joints

37
Q

What are the joints between the fingers and toes called?

A

Interphalangeal joints

38
Q

What are the joints between the scapula and the clavicle called?

A

acromioclavicular joints

39
Q

What kind of joint is the temperomandibular joint?

A

Synovial

40
Q

What is unusual about the TMJ?

A

articular disc in the articular cavity which separates it into the anterior and posterior sections

41
Q

Dislocation of the TMJ can be…

A

bilateral or unilateral

42
Q

What are periarticular arterial anastomoses and why are they important?

A

Collaterals around joints to ensure that blood supply is not cut off when the joint is bent

Anatomy everything (24 decks)

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