Principles - Anatomy 09 - Reproductive System

Question 1

The male gamete is called…

Answer 1

Spermatozoa

Question 2

The female gamete is called…

Answer 2

Oocyte/Ovum

Question 3

What is the exact point of fertilisation in most cases?

Answer 3

Ampulla of the uterine tube

Question 4

Reproductive organs are found within…

Answer 4

Pelvic cavity

Question 5

The pelvic inlet follows which bones?

Answer 5

Sacrum, ileum, pubic bone

Question 6

The pelvic outlet follows which bones?

Answer 6

Coccyx & isheum

Question 7

What is the pelvic roof called?

Answer 7

Peritoneum

Question 8

Where is the location of the parietal peritoneum?

Answer 8

Lines abdominal cavity then drapes over pelvic viscera

Question 9

What are the pouches of the pelvic roof called in females?

Answer 9

vesico-uterine pouch and recouterine pouch (pouch of Douglas)

Question 10

In the female dissected pelvis, where would the rectum, bladder and uterus lie?

Answer 10

Top to bottom: rectum, uterus, bladder

Question 11

Name the female orifices of the perineum from front to back.

Answer 11

External urethral orifice, vaginal orifice, anus

Question 12

What are the female reproductive organs?

Answer 12

Ovaries only

Question 13

What are the 3 layers of the uterus?

Answer 13

Perimetrium, Myometrium, Endometrium

Question 14

Which layer of the uterus sheds during the monthly cycle?

Answer 14

Endometrium

Question 15

What is the opening of the uterine tube into the peritoneal cavity called?

Answer 15

Fimbriae of uterine tube

Question 16

What is the narrow section of the uterine tube approaching the uterus called?

Answer 16

Isthmus

Question 17

Ovum is gathered by fimbriae into … of uterine tube

Answer 17

infundibulum

Question 18

What is meant by an ectopic pregnancy?

Answer 18

Fertilised egg implants outwith uterus

Question 19

What is the most common type of ectopic pregnancy?

Answer 19

Tubul pregnancy

Question 20

When a fertilised ovum implants onto one of the abdominal organs, this is called…

Answer 20

Abdominal pregnancy

Question 21

What is peritonitis?

Answer 21

Spread of infection (usually STI) into the peritoneal cavity

Question 22

What occurs during female sterilisation?

Answer 22

Tubal ligation

Question 23

How many tubal ligation occur?

Answer 23

Clip, cut or cauterise tubes

Question 24

Explain how STI’s can cause infertility.

Answer 24

Can block the uterine tubes

Question 25

Why is the pouch of Douglas clinically important?

Answer 25

Fluid from the abdominal cavity can build up here (blood, pus etc.)

Question 26

In the anatomical position, the penis is...

Answer 26

erect

Question 27

The side of the penis which is closest to the anus is described as...

Answer 27

anterior

Question 28

Explain how the testes develop.

Answer 28

Originate on the posterior wall of the abdominal cavity and descend into the scrotum through the iguinal canal in the anterior abdominal wall.

Question 29

What is the role of the vas deferens?

Answer 29

Transports sperm from the testis to the scrotum, almost connecting to the urethra

Question 30

Where exactly are sperm cells produced?

Answer 30

Seminiferous tubules of the testes

Question 31

Which muscle carefully controls temperature in the testes?

Answer 31

Dartos muscle

Question 32

Explain the passage of sperm from the seminiferous tubules to the vas deferens

Answer 32

Seminiferous tubules --> rete testis --> head of epididymis --> tail of epididymis --> vas deferens

Question 33

What features does the spermatic cord contain?

Answer 33

Vas deferens, testicular artery, pampiniform plexus of veins

Question 34

Explain what is meant by testicular torsion.

Answer 34

Spermatic cord becomes twisted, resulting in reduced blood flow to the testes and extreme pain. May result in necrosis of testes

Question 35

What is the role of the seminal glands?

Answer 35

To produce seminal fluid

Question 36

What passes through the protestatic urethra?

Answer 36

Urine from the bladder and semen

Question 37

What is the middle of the penis called?

Answer 37

Body of the penis

Question 38

What is the tip of the penis called?

Answer 38

Glans

Question 39

What is the hole in the penis called?

Answer 39

External urethral orifice

Question 40

The male reproductive organs are...

Answer 40

Testes only

Question 41

What are the male accessory reproductive organs?

Answer 41

Vas deferens, seminal glands, prostate gland and penis

Question 42

Explain how sperm get from the testes to the urethra.

Answer 42

Pass via vas deferens in a spermatic cord through the iguinal canal in the anterior abdominal wall then re-enters the pelvic cavity behind the bladder. Each vas deferens combines with a seminal gland which produces seminal fluid then ejaculatory glands before draining into the urethra.

Question 43

Which operation is carried out to achieve male sterilisation?

Answer 43

Vasectomy

Question 44

What occurs during vasectomy?

Answer 44

Vas deferens transected & its lumen sutured closed