Anatomy: Reflexes of the Eye

Question 1

In which direction does a fractured zygoma tend to rotate

Answer 1

medially towards the floor of the orbit

Question 2

What ligament may be damaged in a zygomatic fracture

Answer 2

The suspensory ligament of the eye

Question 3

What can happens if the suspensory ligament lowers

Answer 3

diplopia

Question 4

What else can be damaged in a fractured zygoma

Answer 4

the infraorbital NVB in the infraorbital canal

Question 5

what can damage of the infraorbital canal result in

Answer 5

general sensory deficit of the facial skin

Question 6

Which part of the mandible is not general snesory supplied by V3

Answer 6

the angle (supplied by C2, 3)

Question 7

At what spinal cord level do presynaptic sympathetic axons from the CNS exit the spinal cord

Answer 7

T1 spinal nerve

Question 8

Where do the sympathetic axons synapse

Answer 8

the superior cervical ganglion

Question 9

Where do the postsynaptic sympathetic axons enter

Answer 9

the internal carotid nerve

the exernal carotid nerve

Question 10

What carries sympathetic axons to the orbit

Answer 10

the ophthalmic artery (branch of the internal carotid)

Question 11

What is the name given to the ganglia which is a fucion of the inferior cervical and 1st thoracic ganglia

Answer 11

the stellate ganglion

Question 12

where do the presynaptic parasympathetic axons travel to for the eye

Answer 12

the ciliary ganglion

Question 13

Where does the oculomotor nerve connect with the cns

Answer 13

the junction between the midbrain and the pons

Question 14

which eye muscles are supplied by the superior branch of the oculomotor nerve

Answer 14

SR and LPS

Question 15

which are supplied by the inferior branch of CN III

Answer 15

the MR, IR, and IO

Question 16

What other structure does the inferior branch CN III supply

Answer 16

the cilirary ganglion

Question 17

what do the ciliary nerves control

Answer 17

the diameter of the iris and thus the pupil

the refractive shape of the lense

Question 18

Give the six autonomic reflexes of the eye

Answer 18

maximal eyelid elevation
pupillary light reflex
lacrimation
the accommodation reflex
the vestibule ocular reflex
the oculocardiac reflex

Question 19

What is the oculocardiac reflex

Answer 19

the reflec bradycardia in repsinse to tension on the exrraocular muscle or pressure on the eye

Question 20

What are the sympathetic eye function

Answer 20

open wider
more light in
focus on far objects
emotional lacrimation

Question 21

What are the parasympathetic functions

Answer 21

orbicularis oculi function
less light in eyes
forcus near objects
reflec lacrimation (to wash away the foreign bodies etc)

Question 22

What type of muscles is contained in the levator palpenrae superioros

Answer 22

skeletal and smooth

Question 23

What autonomic system dilates the pupil

Answer 23

sympathetic

Question 24

what is the name of a non physiologically dilated pupil

Answer 24

mydriatic

Question 25

What is a pin point pupil and what is it often a sign of

Answer 25

a fixed - no response to light pupil | opiate drug use

Question 26

What is the name for a non physiologically constricted pupil

Answer 26

miotic

Question 27

When do you get a miotic pupil

Answer 27

horners

Question 28

What is a fixed dilated pupil often a pathological sign of

Answer 28

oculomotor nerve pathology

Question 29

What is the afferent special sensory limb of the pupillary light reflext

Answer 29

the optic nerve (ipsolateral)

Question 30

Wht is the motor limb of the reflex

Answer 30

the bilateral oculomotor nerve - hence both pupils react the same

Question 31

when does the cilliary muscle relax and the lens flatten

Answer 31

to focus on distant objects

Question 32

When does the ciliary muscle contract and the lens shortens

Answer 32

to focus on near objects

Question 33

what is the afferent limb of the tear reflex

Answer 33

ophthalmic nerve

Question 34

what is the efferent limb of the reflex tears

Answer 34

the facial nerve