Ancient Greece Flashcards
(103 cards)
1
Q
The Greeks believed in what
A
Life after death and the only way to get to the other world was to cross the River Styx
2
Q
If you were sent to the underworld you what?
A
Burned eternally
3
Q
The Greeks placed 2 gold coins on the eyes of the dead, why?
A
To pay for their toll across Styx
4
Q
The Greeks gave gods what
A
Human emotions
5
Q
Where did the gods live and were they all related?
A
They lived on Mt. Olympus and yes they were all relatives
6
Q
Who were the Olympians and what did they do
A
The gods, led by Zeus and they defeated Cronus and the titans
7
Q
What did Cronus do?
A
Eat his kids
8
Q
What titan was allowed to live but had to do something forever
A
Atlas, and he had to hold up the world forever
9
Q
Who is Zeus
A
the top god, king of gods, and god of sky, thunder, lightening
10
Q
Who was Poseidon
A
God of the sea
11
Q
Who was hades
A
God of the underworld and death
12
Q
Who is Hera
A
Queen of gods, goddess of marriage
13
Q
Who is Hestia
A
Goddess of home/family
14
Q
Who is Athena
A
Goddess of wisdom/justice
15
Q
Who is Artemis
A
Goddess of hunt
16
Q
Who is Apollo
A
God of prophecy, medicine and music
17
Q
Who is Aphrodite
A
Goddess of love and beauty
18
Q
Who is Ares
A
God of war
19
Q
Who is Hephaestus
A
God of fire
20
Q
Who is Hermès
A
Messenger god
21
Q
Who were Greece’s greatest hero’s
A
Hercules, Achilles, Odysseus, Perseus, Jason, and Theseus
22
Q
The Greeks have lots of festivals a year, over how many?
A
Over 60
23
Q
What was the main festival and how often was it held?
A
Olympics and they were held every 4 years
24
Q
Who was the god/goddess of winged victory
A
Nike
25
What were some events?
Sacrifices, music/poetry contests, and athletic contests
26
What were the athletic contests?
Running, throwing, wrestling, boxing, and chariot racing
27
Who was the first champion?
Koroibus
28
What did the winner win?
Olive branch wreath and free food for life
29
Who put an end to the olympics and why?
They were put to an end by a Christian Roman emperor named Theodosius b/c he believed they were pagan
30
Where did the modern olympics start and when?
In 1896 in Athens
31
What were city-states called?
Polis
32
City-states were what
Basic political units
33
What was at the center of each city
The acropolis and on top of the acropolis stood the temple/shrine to local god
34
Why were cities built on hills
For defense
35
What was at the base of the acropolis
A central public square called the agora
36
What happened in the agora
Government chose leaders/passed laws, schools, merchants/business, market/food
37
The Greeks had colonies around what
The med sea and Black Sea
38
What city states were the most powerful
Sparta and Athens
39
The Spartans came from who and were located where?
Came from the dorians and were located on the Peloponnesus peninsula
40
What was the spartan social class
Spartans owned land, non-citizens were foreigners and merchants, helots were slaves and made up 2/3 of the population
41
What was Sparta ruled by
2 kings and elders
42
Elders were how old and did what
60 and took newborns to be inspected and left on a mountain to die if sick or deformed
43
Spartan boys did what
Lived with family and taken at 7 to train at Agoga ( boot camp ), trainer until 18 then fought, married at 30, retired at 60 and became an elder if still alive.
44
Spartan girls did what
Stayed home and did nothing until 7 then trained in gymnastics, wrestling and boxing at home, married at 19, big role was to have strong healthy kids and provide food, had more rights than others
45
What was the spartan law code
No retreat no surrender
46
Who were the Athenians
Came from Mycenaeans, located on Attica peninsula, economy based on trade
47
Athens was the birthplace of what
Democracy and western civilization
48
The social class was what for Athens
Men had all the power, metics were foreigners, artisans and merchants, slaves did all labor and were farmers and 50% of population
49
Persian Wars were what
The superpower at the time
50
The Greeks were all for what
Freedom/independence
51
The Persians were all for what
Tyranny/slavery
52
Who conquered the city-state of Ionia
The Persian king Cyrus the 2nd
53
What did the Ionians do and who became their ally
They revolted and Athens became their ally
54
What king attacked Greece/Athens
Darius
55
How far was the battle of marathon from Athens
26 miles
56
Who won the battle of marathon
The Athenians
57
Why did the Athenians win
Because of a battle formation called the Phalanx
58
What is the legend of Pheidippides
He was a messenger sent from marathon to Sparta to ask for help, Sparta turned him down so he went back to marathon and found out athens was winning, so he went to Athens to tell of the news, collapsed and died
59
Who is the Persian king that put together the largest army in the ancient world and how big was it
Xerxes and 250k
60
Who was the Greek historian that said when the Persian army stopped to drink rivers ran drank
Herodotus the father of history
61
Who was Themistocles and what did he do
He was a leader/general who went to the oracle at Delphi for advice from the priestess who spoke for Apollo
62
What did the oracle tell Themistocles
That the wooden wall would prevail
63
Who held off the Persian army at Thermopylae and for how long
King Leonidas and for 2 days
64
Who betrayed the Greeks
Ephialtes
65
What is the battle of salamis
A naval battle
66
Athens is rebuilt and what starts
The golden age and classical period
67
How long did Greece flourish
20 years
68
Who is the father of democracy
Cleisthenes
69
What is the “voice of the people”
The assembly
70
What kind of democracy did they have
Direct democracy
71
What is ostracism
To lose favor
72
What happens to themistocles
He is exiled
73
Who rules during the golden age
Pericles
74
Since he is not married, who is Pericles’ companion
Aspasia
75
What did the Greeks excel in during this time
Architecture, sculptures, painting, science, literature, and drama
76
What was their artistic style
Classical
77
What is the Parthenon
A temple/shrine and a bank
78
The Greeks emphasized what in their art
Idealism
79
The Greeks are famous for what activities that are held in honor of who
Drama/theater and festivals that are held in honor of Dionysus the god of wine, fertility, and theater
80
Where were the plays performed and who performed and watched them
In amphitheaters, they were played and watched by men who wore masks
81
What was the chorus
Group of 12-50 men who spoke and sang the whole play
82
What were the 2 types of dramas
Tragedies and comedies
83
Philosophy is what and what did Athens believe the mind was capable of
The searching of wisdom, they believed the mind could understand everything
84
What are philosophers
Seekers of wisdom
85
What are sophists
Knowers of wisdom
86
Who was Socrates and what happened to him
He was the father of philosophy, he was blamed for corrupting the youth and blamed for the defeat in the Peloponnesian War, he died because he was forced to swallow hemlock
87
Who was Plato
Founder of the academy, author of the republic and student of Socrates
88
Who was Aristotle
Tutor of Alexander the Great, father of science, student of Plato
89
Who was Thucydides
Someone who was very factual
90
Who was Pythagoras
A philosopher, scientist, mathematician,
91
Who is Hippocrates and what oath was named after him
He was the father of medicine, the Hippocratic oath was named after him, to preserve life at all costs
92
What is the Delian League
An alliance of city-states formed by Athens to protect against Persians, 200 city-states joined ( not including Sparta )
93
What did athens do that was the main cause of the Peloponnesian wars starting
Their empire grew so they bossed the city-states around and took money from them so they grew bitter and left the alliance
94
What was the Peloponnesian League
An alliance of city-states that left Athens and joined Sparta
95
What happens during the Peloponnesian wars
The Delian League hides in Athens and a plague breaks out that kills over 1/3 of Athens, weakening Athens so Sparta wins
96
Who invaded Greece after the Peloponnesian Wars
The Macedonians, descendants of Dorians
97
Who was Philip II
King of Macedon who was captured at 10 by Greece and loved their culture, he wanted to overthrow Greece and unite them as well as overthrow Persia
98
What happened to Philip II
He was killed by his wife so her son could be the king
99
Who was Alexander the Great
He was the son of Philip II and became king at 20, he was tutored by Aristotle and had a brilliant mind and was an even better military commander, he is one of the top 3 military commanders in history and never lost a battle
100
What did Alexander do and how did he die
He stretched the empire from Egypt to India and died at 32 from malaria ( maybe )
101
What are some of Alexander’s achievements
He unified Greece, conquered Persia, created Hellenistics and the culture, introduces idea of absolute monarchs, establishes Alexandria Egypt, center of learned and worlds largest library
102
What happened after Alexander died
He had no heirs so his 4 generals split up the empire to rule, Cassander took Greece/Macedonia, Ptolemy took Egypt, Seleucus took Persia, Lysimachus took Asia Minor
103
What are Greece’s legacies
```
Democracy
Philosophy
Theater/drama
Alphabet/language
Olympic Games
Science
Mathematics/medicine
Architecture
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