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Renaissance Flashcards

(80 cards)

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1
Q

How long did the Ren. Period last

A

1400-1500

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2
Q

How did the Ren. Period start

A

With the fall of the MA ( decline of power in church )

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3
Q

Rise in secularism happened, what is secularism

A

It’s relating to the world and religion becomes less important

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4
Q

What was reintroduced in the Ren.

A

The “classics”, Greek and Roman cultures

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5
Q

What was invented early on in the Ren period

A

The moveable printing press

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6
Q

What were the main places where the Ren came about

A

Venice, Milan, Genoa and mainly Florence ( center of Ren )

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7
Q

What dominated the cities

A

The RCC, nobles, merchants, and artisans

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8
Q

Who was the medici family

A

The most wealthy and influential family

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9
Q

The cities become what

A

Wealthy flourishing centers of the arts

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10
Q

What did the Ren renew

A

The interest of development in art, lit, science, and learning

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11
Q

Renaissance means what

A

“Rebirth”

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12
Q

What was the Ren like after the MA and DA

A

It was like a light turned on in a dark room

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13
Q

What is humanism

A

Intellectual movement that focused on human beings and what we can do

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14
Q

Thinkers of this time were called what

A

Humanists

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15
Q

What was education like

A

Really important and stressed Greek, Latin, rhetoric, grammar, poetry, and history ( humanities )

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16
Q

What did humanists emphasize

A

Accomplishments and potential of humans

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17
Q

Who was Francesco Petrarch

A

The father of humanism, he was a writer that focused on the secular rather than spiritual

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18
Q

What did a lot of humanists reject

A

Religion because of corruption of the Catholic Church in the MA, this is where atheism comes from

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19
Q

What is Deism

A

It became the religion of the Ren, they believed God created us and everything then left us to defend for ourslves

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20
Q

What was Benjamin Franklin

A

A deist

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21
Q

What did humanists stress the idea of

A

The idea of a universal man or a renaissance man ( someone who is knowledgeable in all areas )

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22
Q

Renaissance women were what

A

Not to create art but to inspire it

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23
Q

Who was Niccooo Machiavelli

A

He was a writer and wrote “The Prince”, a guide on how to rule

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24
Q

Who was Dante

A

He wrote the “Divine Comedy”, about life after death and his journey through purgatory, hell, then heaven ( 1 of greatest lit works in Ren )

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25
What did Ren art stress
Religion and worldly themes ( realism )
26
What is perspective and oil painting
3 dimensional art, and more colors ( Alum )
27
Who were patrons
They supported artists and were often nobles, merchants, and the church, artists got necessities in return for art
28
Who was Leo Da Vinci
A renaissance man, a painter, writer, architect, inventor, painted Mona Lisa and The Last Supper
29
Who was Michelangelo
A sculptor and painter, he sculpted the Pieta, David, and painted the Sistine Chapel
30
Who was Raphael
A painter, painted the school of Athens ( a fresco of Socrates, Plato, an Aristotle ), Madonna ( mom of Jesus ) in St Peters
31
Who was Donatello
A sculptor, sculpted St Mark and the Feast of Herod
32
Who was Bramante
An architect, designed St Peters Cathedral
33
What was the Northern Ren
It spread to London, Paris, Amsterdam, etc
34
How did Ren spread
Through trade, war, students attending universities in the north and mainly the printing press
35
Who was Johannes Gutenberg
He invented the movable printing press ( greatest invention of Ren )
36
Because of the printing press what happened
Books could be mass produced and cheaper
37
What was the first publication on the Gutenberg press
The Gutenberg Bible
38
What did writers in the north introduce
Novels, drama and poems written in literature for the first time and in the vernacular language for the first time
39
Who was Desiderius Erasmus
Father of Christian Humanism ( Dutch )
40
In Praise of Folly was what
It called for a return of the simple Christian life
41
What did Erasmus want
A reform in the corruption of the Catholic Church ( he fanned early flames of the reformation )
42
Erasmus’ works were what
Condemned by the church
43
Who was Sir Thomas More
He was English and wrote Utopia ( no place, perfect ), criticized English government
44
What does Utopia mean
An imaginary place that possesses highly desirable or nearly perfect qualities for citizens ( ppl thought America )
45
Who was William Shakespeare
The greatest playwright of all time
46
What did Shakespeare write plays about
Human emotions ( love, anger, lust, revenge, etc )
47
Where were his plays performed
The Globe Theater
48
What were some famous plays
Romeo & Juliet, Julius Caesar, Hamlet, etc ( mostly tragedies )
49
What were the impacts of the Ren
Great works of art/lit created Critical thinking began Scientific revolution - start of modern science p Enlightenment - questioned everything
50
What was the enlightenment
The age of reason, 17th-18th century, an intellectual movement
51
What did the enlightenment focus on
Reason, logic, freedom of thought, instead of religion & superstition
52
What was the goal of the enlightenment
To reform and challenge long held ideas about society ( government & religion )
53
What were the characteristics of the enlightenment
``` Think for yourself = reason Skepticism = question everything Republicanism = right to rule yourself Liberty = freedom Individualism ```
54
What was the scientific revolution
The study the natural world
55
What was the old view of the world
Based on traditions, superstition, and observation
56
What is the geocentric theory
The earth was the center of the universe
57
These ideas were what
Upheld by the church, God put earth at the center
58
What was the new view of the world
It questioned tradition and tested long accepted ideas about the natural world
59
Who created the scientific method
Aristotle, but Francis Bacon and Rene descartes were the first to use it after so long
60
What is the scientific method
``` Identify the problem Form hypothesis that can be tested Do experiments Record results Analyze results and create a conclusion ```
61
Who was Nicolaus capernicus
He created the heliocentric theory, that the sun was the center of the universe and not earth
62
What does Galileo do
He was the father of modern science Developed the 1st telescope Proved heliocentric theory right
63
Who was Sir Isaac Newton
Came up with the Theory of gravity & developed modern calculus
64
Who was Robert hook
Discovered the cell and created modern biology
65
Who was Robert Boyle
1st to define an element | Father of modern chemistry
66
Did the Catholic Church like these discoveries, why
No they didn’t, because they challenged the churches authority and the church looked bad for supporting these ideas
67
What were the areas that were challenged
``` Religion and church Social classes Economics Education Government ```
68
Thinkers of this time were called what
Philosophes
69
Where did this movement begin
France
70
What were salons
Where philosophes met to discuss the issues of the day and the views on the government
71
The old view helped who
They gave the rulers the right to rule, believed god chose the rulers
72
The new view helped who
It gave the people the rights to rule
73
Who was Thomas Hobbes
He believed the purpose of the government was to impose peace, safety, and order people were evil by nature and needed control people needed to give up freedom to a strong leader who kept peace Best form of government was a centralized one ( absolute )
74
Who John Locke ( 5 )
1. He believed the purpose of the government was to protect people’s natural rights 2. Believed people were good by nature, born equal, could control selves, 3. Believed monarchs were chosen by God and people could overthrow them if rights not upheld 4. Enlightened government was best ( gave people rights ) 5. Forerunner of modern democratic republican
75
Who was Rousseau
He was Swiss, stressed equality of people and the natural man
76
Who was Montesquieu
Stressed government needed a speciation of power, should have 3 branches of government
77
Who was Voltaire
Stressed freedom of speech and religion | “I do not agree with what you have to say, but I’ll defend to the death your right to say it”
78
Who was Diderot
He compiled all human knowledge into a single work called an Encyclopedia, “Father of Google” - Mr. B
79
Who was Benjamin Franklin
Greatest American enlightened thinker
80
What were the results of the enlightenment
The development of the scientific method People questioned old ideas American and French Revolutions Development of modern democratic republic

World History (9 decks)

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