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Islam Flashcards

(89 cards)

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1
Q

How long did Islamic civilization last

A

From 600-1300 A.D

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2
Q

Where do Arabs live

A

Arabian peninsula, south of Asia Minor, Saudi Arabia today

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3
Q

What is the 2nd largest ethnic group

A

Arabs

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4
Q

Where is the Arabian peninsula located

A

Between the Red Sea, Persian gulf and the Indian sea

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5
Q

What is the Arabian peninsula mostly made up of

A

Arid plains and deserts

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6
Q

What are oasis’

A

Green areas fed by underground water

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7
Q

The people were nomadic herders called what

A

Bedouins, they lived in tents that they could move quickly and had tribes made of families

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8
Q

Who is the leader of the tribes

A

Sheikhs

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9
Q

The bedouins were very what

A

Warlike and fought over camels, horses and water

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10
Q

What were the bedouins occupations

A

Herders at first, then traders that traveled on camels ( caravans )

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11
Q

What is Makkah

A

Now called Mecca, is a major city, center of worship/religion, crossroads for turf to Asia

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12
Q

Were the people polytheistic, monotheistic, or atheistic

A

Polytheistic then changed to monotheistic

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13
Q

What is their major shrine

A

The Ka’aba, a great stone beloved to be “built by Abraham”

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14
Q

What are all Muslims supposed to do at least once in their lifetime

A

Take a pilgrimage ( a holy journey ) to see the Ka’aba

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15
Q

What started the change of polytheism to monotheism

A

Traders came in contact with Jews and Christians and started to question their religion

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16
Q

Who were the first to denounce idol worship and start to worship one god

A

Hanifs ( holy men )

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17
Q

Who is Muhammad

A

A prophet of Islam ( new religion ) he was called “The prophet” or “The messenger”

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18
Q

Where was Muhammad born and what did his early life look like

A

In Mecca in A.D 750, he was orphaned at 6 and moved in with his grandpa who later dies, then moves in with his uncle, he becomes a merchant/trader and marries Khadija ( wealthy old widow ) in A.D 595

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19
Q

What was Muhammad’s first revelation

A

The angel Gabriel came when Muhammad was in a cave and told him there is one true god named “Allah”

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20
Q

What was the 2nd revelation

A

Gabriel told Muhammad to tell people to stop worshipping idols and that Allah was the one true god and they should worship him

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21
Q

What did Muhammad do after this

A

He went back to Mecca and told his family and friends of what happened and they became the first converts

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22
Q

Who were most of Muhammad’s early followers

A

The poor

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23
Q

Why did the wealthy merchants and religious leaders not like Muhammad’s preaching

A

Because people stopped buying from the merchants and people were taken from the religion

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24
Q

Muhammad’s followers fled where

A

To Medina, previously known as Yathrib

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25
Muhammad’s night flight called ____ became the first year of what
Hijrah becomes the first year of the calendar
26
The majority of the city Medina becomes what
Majority of the converts
27
Medina becomes what
The first Islamic community in a the world
28
What is Ummah
A community of believers
29
War breaks out between who, what’s the result
War breaks out between Meccans and Muslims and muslims win
30
By A.D 630 what happens
Mecca “accepts” Islam as their religion and recognize Muhammad as the one true prophet
31
Why is Mecca the holiest city of Islam’s
Because it’s the birthplace of Muhammad
32
What is the second holiest city
Medina, it’s the burial place of Muhammad
33
What is the 3rd holiest place
Jerusalem, it’s where Muhammad takes his “night journey” to paradise ( heaven ) to visit the prophets
34
What are the beliefs of Islam’s
The angel Gabriel revealed the revelations to Muhammad over 22 years, the messages become the Qu’ran/Koran
35
What is the Qu’ran
It means to read and is the final authority of faith and it was written by his followers
36
Judaism, Christianity, and Islam all have the same roots, what are they
They claim Abraham is the founder/patriarch, they believe he built the Ka’ba
37
Who were Abraham’s 2 sons
Ishmael ( father or Arabs ) and Isaac ( father of Jews )
38
What stories does the Qu’ran have
The creation, Noah/the flood, Jonah and Jesus
39
Although they believe in him, what do they think Jesus is instead
They believe Jesus is only a prophet, they don’t believe he’s the son of God, they don’t believe in the crucifixtion/resurrection of Jesus and believe Muhammad is the most important prophet
40
Shari’a Law is what
It governs Muslims public and private lives ( very strict )
41
What is Sunna
The model of living set by Muhammad and an example of how to live
42
What are the 5 pillars of Islam ( essential duties )
Shahada=there’s no god but allah and Muhammad is his last prophet Salat=pray 5 times per day towards Mecca Zakat=requires fasting during the day during month of Ramadan Sanna=give alms/charity to the poor Hajj=must take pilgrimage once during life to Mecca
43
What does Islam mean
Submission to allah
44
What is a mosque
A place of worship for Muslims, men and women can’t worship together
45
What is a Muezzin
A prayer caller, goes in prayer tower and calls out prayers
46
What is the imam
Leader of the mosque
47
Does Muhammad have an heir when he dies?
He has no male heir, only a daughter, Fatimid
48
What is the title of the new leaders
Caliph ( successor )
49
What is a caliphate
A rule under a Caliph
50
What were the first 4 caliphs called
The rightly guided caliphs
51
Who were the first and last of the 4 caliphs
Muhammad’s FIL, Abu Bakr | Muhammad’s SIL, Ali
52
What did the 4 caliphs do
Spread Islam throughout the Middle East with military conquests
53
Muslim armies were very what
Successful
54
What did the Muslim armies believe it was their duty to do
To spread the message of Islam
55
Who were the biggest rivals for the Muslims
The Byzantine empire
56
What happened with Islam
There was a power struggle
57
What happened to Ali
He was murdered by Mu’awiyah
58
What did Mu’awiyah do
Start the Umayyad dynasty
59
What happened to Husayn
He tried to get revenge for his father, Ali, but ends up being murdered too
60
What do the 2 murders result in
They result in the division of the Muslim world
61
What were the 2 major sects
The Shias ( Shi’ites ) and the Sunni
62
Who were the Shias
Shias ( shi’ites ) made up 10% of Muslims and believe Caliphs must be a direct descendant of Muhammad
63
Who were the Sunnis
They made up 85% of Muslims and they don’t believe Caliphs must be a descendant of Muhammad
64
Where do Shi’ites live and what is interesting about them
They live in Iran, Iraq, Syria, Lebanon, and Indonesia ( the largest Muslim country ), most terrorists come from this group
65
What does ISIS mean
Islamic State in Iraq and Syria
66
Where do the Sunnis mainly live and what are they
Arabia, North Africa, Indonesia, they are peaceful
67
When the Umayyad dynasty reaches its peak what happens
The capital is moved from Mecca to Damascus ( Syria ) They conquered more lands= North Africa and Spain They threaten Europe
68
What does Jihad mean
“Struggle”
69
Holy wars spread fast throughout Islam’s conquest, what are the 2 choices given to the conquered people
Convert to Islam or die
70
What was Muslims goal
To convert the infidels ( non-muslims )
71
Who were exempt from this choice and why
Christians and Jews, because they were “brothers” of Islam
72
The Umayyad dynasty was the first to what
Unify all Arabian lands
73
What were the 3 factors that unified the lands
All had common language=Arabic All had common religion=Islam All had common law code= Shari’a
74
What is the 2nd dynasty
The Abbasid dynasty
75
Who was the first Caliph of the Abbasid dynasty
Abu’l’abbas
76
What did Abu’l’abbas do
Moved the capital to Baghdad
77
Created the first what
Multicultural Arab city
78
Baghdad was what
The center of learning/knowledge/medicine/science
79
What is the House of Wisdom
An intellectual center that scholars/teachers from all over the world would come to
80
What was Western Europe going through during Islam’s golden age
The dark ages
81
The Abbasid dynasty was overthrown by who
Genghis Khan and the Mongols in A.D 1258
82
Because of Islam’s anit idol worship policy artists could not what
Make images/pictures of living creatures
83
What is calligraphy
Quranic art, elegant handwriting used to decorate mosques & other buildings
84
How many famous mosques are there
4
85
What is the biggest and most famous mosque
The Grand Mosque in Mecca = over 1k acres in size and holds about 3-3 1/2 million people
86
What is the second most famous mosque
The Green Dome in Medina = burial place of Muhammad
87
What is the third most famous mosque
The Dome of the Rock in Jerusalem = believed to be where Muhammad ascended into paradise on his night journey
88
What is the fourth most famous mosque and the most expensive mosque
The Endless Mosque in United Arab Emirates
89
What were Islam’s legacies
``` Arabic number system Started 2nd largest religion Laid foundations of modern algebra & medicine/surgery 1st hospitals and pharmacies Art form of calligraphy Coffee ```

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