Anemia Flashcards by Justin Holmes

Typical Symptoms of Anemia

shortness of breath, fatigue, rapid heart rate, dizziness, pain with exercise, pallor

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Typical Signs of Anemia

tachycardia, tachypnea, dyspnea, and pallor

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_____ detects ability of patient’s serum to bind IgG and/or complement to test normal RBCs

IAT

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_____ evaluates presence of IgG or C3d or C4d on surface of patient cells by addition of Coomb’s reagent.

DAT

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_____ is synthesized by bacteria and algae, obtained by humans up the ladder through meat, eggs, and milk.

B12

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________ in the stomach is bound by Intrinsic Factor (IF), which is secreted by gastric parietal cells

B12

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An abnormal osmotic fragility test is characteristic of ________.

hereditary spherocytosis

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Autimmune Hemolytic Anemia is evaluated for using the ______.

Direct Antiglobin Test (DAT)

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B12 in the stomach is bound by ________, which is secreted by gastric parietal cells

Intrinsic Factor (IF)

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B12 is absorbed and released from IF in the ________

terminal ileum

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During iron deficient erythropoiesis, there is _____ in erythrocytes.

no change

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During iron deficient, erythropoiesis, there is a ______ in iron binding capacity and a _______ in sautration of transferrin

increase; decrease

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Enteroherpatic recirculation is characteristic of _____ (B12/folate)

folate

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Fava beans are frequently associated with _____.

G6PD deficiency

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Folate is absorbed in the _____.

jejunum

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For a positive DAT, ____ AIHA is characterized by complement only and no IgG

Cold

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For a positive DAT, ____ AIHA is characterized by strong IgG and weak complement.

Warm

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Goat’s milk is deficient in _____.

folate

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Hepcidin binds to _____ to induce its degradation

Ferroportin

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Hereditary spherocytosis occurs from defects in cytoskeletal proteins, especially: ______(3)

spectrin, ankyrin, band 3

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In anemia related to endocrinopathies, RBCs are ____chromic and ____cytic

normo; normo

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In B12 deficiency and folate deficiency anemias, plasma homocysteine is _____.

decreased

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In B12 deficiency anemia, serum cobalamin is _____.

decreased

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In B12 deficiency, RBCs are ____cytic.

macro

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In chronic infection or inflammation, _____ diminishes iron mobilization and ____ production

IL-1; EPO

In folate deficiency, RBCs are ____cytic.

macro

In hemolytic anemia, reticulocyte count is _____

increased

In hemolytic anemia, serum haptoglobin is ____

decreased

In hemolytic anemias, bilirubin, LDH, and SGOT are ______

increased

In hereditary spherocytosis, MCV is _____

decreased

In iron deficiency anemia, adults display symptoms of _______.

fatigue, pallor, loss of exercise tolerance

In iron deficiency anemia, children display symptoms of _______.

pallor, irritability, behavioral changes

In iron deficiency anemia, serum iron is _____.

low

In iron deficiency anemia, transferrin concentration is _____.

increased

In iron deficiency anemia, transferrin saturation is _____.

very low

In iron defiency anemia, cells are ___chromic and ____cytic.

hypo; micro

In lead poisoning, a distinctive feature frequently found on the peripheral smear is _____.

basophilic stippling

In lead poisoning, clinical findings include: ____ (4)

personality changes/irritability, headache, weakness/weight loss, abdominal pain/vomiting

In lead poisoning, MCV is _____.

decreased

In lead poisoning, recticulocyte count is ____.

decreased

In lead poisoning, the RBCs are ___chromic and ____cytic

hypo; micro

In lead poisoning, zinc protoporphyrin is _____.

increased

In malignancies and sepsis, ____ decreases iron availability from stores and decreases ____ production

TNF; EPO

In megaloblastic anemia, MCV and MCH are ______.

increased

In megaloblastic anemia, RDW is ______

increased

In protein calorie deficiency anemia, RBCs are usually ___chromic and ____cytic

normo; normo

In renal insufficiency anemia, EPO is _____.

decreased

In renal insufficiency anemia, reticulocytes are ____.

decreased

In renal insufficiency anemia, serum creatinine is _____.

increased

In renal sufficiency anemia, the RBCs are ____chromic and ___cytic.

normo; normo

In sideroblastic anemia, a distinctive feature frequently found on the peripheral smear is _____.

ring sideroblasts

In sideroblastic anemia, RBCs are ____chromic and ___cytic

hypo; micro

In underproduction anemia due to chronic infection/inflammation, EPO is _____

decreased

In underproduction anemia due to chronic infection/inflammation, reticulocyte count is ______

decreased

In underproduction anemia due to chronic infection/inflammation, serum Fe and TIBC are _____

decreased

Increased erythropoietic activity will non-specifically _______ absorption of iron (even if iron levels are already high)

increase

INF-β inhibits ______

erythropoiesis

INF-γ inhibits _____

proliferation of erythroid precursors

Iron is absorbed in the _______.

duodenum

Koilonychias (ridges in nails) and papillary atrophy of the tongue are associated with ______.

iron deficiency

Low Hepcidin causes a ______ in the absorption of iron

increase

Neurologic abnormalities, a common distinguishing factor between folate and B12 deficiency, is characteristic of _____ deficiency

B12

Overcooking food can cause loss of _____.

folates

Possible consequences of iron overload include: ____ (4).

Arrhythmia, Congestive heart failure, liver dysfunction, liver failure

Presence of amino acids and proteins ______ iron absorption.

increases

Spelenectomy patients should be immunized against ______.

H influenza b, S. pneumoniae and meningococcus

The best way to distinguish between folate and B12 deficiency is methylmalonic acid (MMA) levels, which are elevated in _____ deficiency.

B12

The main complications of hereditary spherocytosis are: _____(2)

aplastic crises, bilirubin stones

The most common cause of folate deficiency is _____.

inadequate dietary intake

The onset of folate defiency anemia is ______(faster/slower) than B12 deficiency anemia.

faster

The treatment strategy for iron deficiency anemia is _____.

iron replacement

Treatment for iron overload is _____

iron chelators (hemosiderosis/transfusions) or therapeutic phlebotomy (hemochromatosis/increased absorption)

What anemia has a bone marrow biopsy displaying erythroid hyperplasia and marrow precursors with large immature nuclei?

B12 or folate deficiency

What anemia is caused by impaired production of porphyrin or incorporation of iron?

sideroblastic anemia

What anemia is characterized as mild due to better oxygen delivery

Low Affinity Hemoglobin Disease

What anemia is characterized by accumulation of iron in mitochondria?

sideroblastic anemia

What anemia is characterized by increases in bilirubin and LDH levels due to intramedullary destruction of RBCs?

B12 or folate deficiency

What anemia is most frequently caused by autoimmune destruction of IF-producing parietal gastric cells?

B12 Deficiency