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Blood and Lymph > Immune System Intro and Antibodies > Flashcards

Immune System Intro and Antibodies Flashcards

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1
Q

Cell surface receptors or inner membrane receptors that are used to recognize foreign molecular patterns

A

Pattern Recognition Receptors (PRRs)

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2
Q

____ chain has an extra long hinge region

A

delta

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3
Q

____ chains have an extra constant domain CH4

A

epsilon

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4
Q

____ is most able to activate complement because it has ____ adjacent Fc domains and only two Fc domains is required to activate complement

A

IgM; 5

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5
Q

_____ have segmented nuclei with colorless granules

A

Neutrophils

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6
Q

_____ is an antibody associated with a secretory component that makes it resistant to digestive enzymes.

A

IgA

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7
Q

_____ is an antibody that produces symptoms of allergy is important in resistance to parasites

A

IgE

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8
Q

_____ is better at activating complement than IgG and first Ig to appear in blood after exposure to an antigen

A

IgM

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9
Q

_____ is the most abundant antibody in the blood

A

IgG

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10
Q

_____ is the only antibody class made by the fetus

A

IgM

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11
Q

_____ is the only antibody that can pass through the placenta.

A

IgG

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12
Q

______ cells arrange for phagocytosis and destruction of foreign materials by release of antibodies.

A

B

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13
Q

______ enter at the periphery of the lymph node

A

lymphatic vessels

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14
Q

______ exit at the hilum of the lymph node

A

veins and lymphatic vessels

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15
Q

______ have a kidney shaped nucleus and abundant cytoplasm

A

Monocytes

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16
Q

______ have segmented nuclei with blue granules

A

Basophils

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17
Q

______ of the spleen consists of islands of cells with an arteriole surrounded by T cells, which are surrounded by B cells

A

White pulp

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18
Q

_______ are lymph node-like structures that underlie the GI mucosa

A

Peyer’s patches

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19
Q

_______ enter at the hilum of the lymph node

A

arterioles

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20
Q

_______ have segmented nuclei with red granules

A

Eosinophils

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21
Q

_______ require lysis by the MAC for clearance

A

Neisseria

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22
Q

________ associate with MBP to activate C2 and C4 and start the cascade

A

MBP-Associated Serine Proteases (MASPs)

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23
Q

10 light chains, 10μ chains, and 1 J chain

A

IgM

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24
Q

2 light and 2 gamma chains

A

IgG

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25
2 light and 2 ε chains
IgE
26
2 light and 2δ chains
IgD
27
4 light chains, 4 α chains, 1 J chain, and 1 S.C. chain
IgA
28
Acellular fluid component of blood, including proteins
Plasma
29
Activated ________ leave local area and travels to nearest lymph node where it presents the antigen to lymphocytes
Dendritic Cells
30
Allelic differences in the sequence of immunoglobulins of different individuals
allotypes
31
An antigen in the form that is able to give rise to an immune response
immunogen
32
Anaphylactic shock occurs when _______ cells throughout the body are suddenly degranulated and release _________.
Mast; histamine
33
Antigen in a form or by a route that does not give rise to an immune response
toleragen
34
Antigenic stimulation, there is a good change that a daughter will make a slightly different antibody; selection by antigen of the best-fitting mutants allows a gradual increase of affinity
Antibody Affinity Maturation
35
Area in a lymph node with very crowded dividing cell areas that are evidence of an immune response
germinal center
36
Autoimmunity of antibodies is Type ____ Immunopathology
II
37
Both Fab domains connected by disulfide bonds in the hinge region (second and third constant domains of the heavy chain cleaved off)
F(ab)2
38
Bridge between innate and adaptive immunity
Dendritic Cells
39
Cells in the tissue related to basophils
Mast cells
40
Cells with a lobulated nucleus prominent cytoplasmic granules
Polymorphonuclear cells/granulocytes
41
Central lymphoid organs where lymphocytes develop
Thymus, bone marrow
42
Changing the relative positions of two pieces of DNA
DNA Recombination
43
Chemotactic cytokines that recruit white blood cells (ex. to an area of inflammation)
Chemokines
44
Foreign molecular structures that can be recognized by PPRs
Pathogen-Associated Molecular Patterns (PAMPs)
45
Half of an antibody consisting of the light chain and the half of the heavy chain containing the CDRs
Fab
46
Harmless version of a toxin.
Toxoid
47
Homologous receptors to Toll in the fruit fly that can recognize foreign molecular structures that humans don’t have
Toll-Like Receptor (TLRs)
48
Immediate hypersenstivity is Type _____ Immunopathology
I
49
Leukocytes whose nucleus has a smooth outline
Mononuclear cells
50
MBP/MBL functions similarly to ______ in the classical pathway
C1q
51
nucleated cells of the blood; white blood cells; buffy coat when centrifuged
Leukocytes
52
Part of the antigen that fits into the receptor
epitope
53
Peripheral lymphoid organs where lymphocytes trap and respond to foreign invaders
Lymph nodes (including mesenteric), spleen, Peyer's patches,
54
Plasma without the clotting factors
Serum
55
Properdin, part of the _____ complement-activating pathway, facilitates assembly of ______, which activates ____.
alternate; C3bDbC3b; C5
56
Region of the variable domain that is used to specifically bind an epitope
CDR
57
Small peptides important in immune cell signaling
Cytokines
58
Stress or damage indicator molecules expressed by body cells
Damage-Associated Molecular Patterns (DAMPs)
59
T helper cells migrate from the _______ to _______ where they help activate B cells
paracortex; follicles
60
Tendency of one antibody to react with more than one antigen
Cross-reactivity
61
The ____ of the spleen is the body’s most important filter of particulates, such as bacteria and damaged platelets
Red pulp
62
The alternate pathway, activated by cell wall structures of microorganisms such as dextrans, levans, zymosan, and endotoxin, is part of ______ immunity
innate
63
The classical pathway, activated by complexes of antibodies bound to antigens, is part of ______ immunity.
adaptive
64
The lectin pathway, mediated by ________, a lectin, which binds carbohydrates, is part of ______ immunity
mannose-binding protein (MBP or MBL); innate
65
The number of antigenic determinants that can be bound by a single antibody
antibody valence
66
The second and third constant domains of the two heavy chains
Fc
67
The transcription factor most frequently activated in inflammation is ______.
NF-kB
68
The V region of a _____ chain does not have any D segments (only V and J)
light
69
Theory that each cell of the immune system is programmed to make only one antibody
Clonal Selection Theory
70
Theory that only one H chain and only one L chain (either kappa or lambda, maternal or paternal) are synthesized in any B cell
Allotypic Exclusion
71
Type ____ immunopathology is characterized by T Cell-mediated innocent bystander injury
IV
72
Type _____ immunopathology occurs when tissue damage results from trapped complexes activating complement
III
73
Unique structure created by the CDRs of an antibody that can serve as an antigen to another antibody
idiotype
74
When a large immune complex in which the antigen is a large particle or a cell precipitates from solution
Agglutination
75
When growth of an immune complex consisting of cross-linking antigens becomes significant enough to cause the large complex to become insoluble
Precipitation
76
Which complement factor(s) is/are anaphylatoxic?
C3a, C4a, and C5a
77
Which complement factor(s) is/are chemotactic?
C5a
78
Which complement factor(s) is/are lytic?
Membrane Attack Complex (MAC)- mostly C8 and C9
79
Which complement factor(s) is/are opsonizing?
C3

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