T Cells, Immune System Ontogeny, and Other Topics in Immunology

Question 1

____ secrete ____, which attracts and activates macrophages that are alternatively activated to become _____ macrophages

Answer 1

Th2; IL-4; M2

Question 2

____ secrete ____, which helps CTLs get fully activated after recognizing antigen.

Answer 2

Th1; IL-2

Question 3

_____ induce mitosis of T or B cells and are useful for karyotyping.

Answer 3

mitogens

Question 4

_____ macrophages are more involved in debris removal, walling off pathogens, and scar formations

Answer 4

M2

Question 5

_____ people have fewer but larger clones than _____ people

Answer 5

Old; young

Question 6

______ often serve as mitogens; they can bind to and stimulate B and T cells by binding to CD3 (T cells), for example, to trick the cell into thinking is has bound an antigen

Answer 6

Lectins

Question 7

______ people make good responses to antigens seen previously but fail to respond well to new antigens

Answer 7

Older

Question 8

______ stimulates B and T cells to divide nonspecifically

Answer 8

Pokeweed mitogen (PWM)

Question 9

_______ can use cross-presentation to present antigenic particles in association with both Class I and Class II MHC molecules

Answer 9

Dendritic Cells

Question 10

_______ is a bean lectin that binds to CD3

Answer 10

Phytohemagglutinin (PHA)

Question 11

A cell with cytoplasmic IgM but no surface IgM

Answer 11

Pre-B cell

Question 12

Any antigen present in only some individuals of a species

Answer 12

Alloantigen

Question 13

Can engage Fas (CD95) receptor on the target cell to induce apoptosis

Answer 13

CTL

Question 14

Can secrete granzymes (lytic granules of proteases) and perforins that allow penetration of granzymes into the target cell

Answer 14

CTL

Question 15

CTLs all have ___ surface marker

Answer 15

CD8

Question 16

CTLs recognize MHC Class ___

Answer 16

I

Question 17

Have a single α chain and a single β chain, both of which are transmembrane domains

Answer 17

T cell receptors

Question 18

Help B cells that have recognized antigen become activated and differentiate into antibody-secreting plasma cells

Answer 18

Tfh

Question 19

HLA-A and HLA-B are class _____ antigens that are present on the surfaces of all nucleated cells (including platelets); they are recognized by _____

Answer 19

I; CTLs

Question 20

HLA-D are class ___ antigens that are only present on B cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells; they are recognized by ______

Answer 20

II; Th cells

Question 21

IgG has a half-life of _____ weeks

Answer 21

3

Question 22

In the MLR, cells from the ______ are treated by DNA synthesis inhibitors or radiation to prevent their division

Answer 22

donor

Question 23

In the MLR, Th cells from the _______ are mixed with the treated cells from the _____.

Answer 23

recipient; donor

Question 24

Infants do not produce IgG until about _____ weeks after birth.

Answer 24

3

Question 25

Macrophages are activated by IFNγ to become ______-activated ____ macrophages

Answer 25

classically; M1

Question 26

MHC Class ____ products are on all nucleated cells

Answer 26

I

Question 27

Newly described Th subset that makes lymphokine IL-17

Answer 27

Th17

Question 28

Pathway in which MHC molecules associate best with peptides that are sampled from proteins synthesized in the cell

Answer 28

Intrinsic

Question 29

Principle that when pre-B cells differentiate into immature B cells, cells whose receptors are anti-self will make a new receptor or be deleted

Answer 29

Self-Tolerance

Question 30

Produce TGFβ and IL-10

Answer 30

Treg

Question 31

Produces cytoplasmic and surface IgM

Answer 31

Immature B cell

Question 32

Produces sIgM and sIgD

Answer 32

Mature B cell

Question 33

Require IL-2 for activation and other factors for conversion into memory cells

Answer 33

CTL

Question 34

Resemble antibodies with two light chains and two heavy chains, where only the heavy chains are transmembrane domains

Answer 34

B cell receptors

Question 35

Secrete interferon gamma (IFNγ), which is pro-inflammatory

Answer 35

Th1

Question 36

Short range mediator made by lymphocytes, which affects the behavior of the same or another cell

Answer 36

lymphokine

Question 37

Short-range mediator made by any cell that affects the behavior of the same or another cell

Answer 37

cytokine

Question 38

Site of B cell maturation as observed in birds

Answer 38

Bursa of Fabricius

Question 39

Small (6-14kDa) short range mediator made by any cell that primarily causes inflammation

Answer 39

chemokine

Question 40

Stimulate B cells switch from secreting IgM to IgG, IgA, or IgE

Answer 40

Tfh

Question 41

Suppress activation and function of other Th cells, not antigen-specific

Answer 41

Treg

Question 42

T cells all have ____ surface marker.

Answer 42

CD3

Question 43

Th cells all have ___ surface marker.

Answer 43

CD4

Question 44

Th cells recognize MHC Class __.

Answer 44

II

Question 45

The MHC gene set inherited from one parent (on one chromosome)

Answer 45

Haplotype

Question 46

Type of antigen that tends to have the same epitope repeated over and over (rare in proteins but common in carbohydrates)

Answer 46

T cell-independent

Question 47

Type of graft rejection when a person has a preexisting antibody IgG or IgM to a graft (due to HLA or prior graft/transfusions or mismatch)

Answer 47

Hyperacute rejection