Anesthetic Drugs Flashcards
(122 cards)
1
Q
What do anticholinergics do
A
They lysis parasympothetic effects
2
Q
What are the 2 anticholinergics that we use
A
Glycopyrrolate and atropine
3
Q
What are the alpha 2 agonist we use
A
Primarily dexdomitor and xylazine in large animals
4
Q
What phenothiazine do we use
A
Acepromazine
5
Q
What opioids do we typically use
A
Morphine, fentanyl, butorphanol, buprenorphine, and hydromorphone
6
Q
What benzodiazepines do we typically use
A
Diazepam, midazolam, and zolazepam
7
Q
What are the different classes of pre anesthetic agents do we use
A
Anticholinergics, alpha 2 agonist, phenothiazine, opioid, and benzodiazepine
8
Q
What types of anesthetic agents do we use
A
Dissociative, inhalant, and miscellaneous
9
Q
What dissociative anesthetic agents do we use
A
Ketamine and tiletamine
10
Q
What inhalant anesthetic agents do we use
A
Isoflurane, sevoflurane, and nitrous oxide
11
Q
What miscellaneous anesthetic agents do we use
A
Propofol and alfaxalone
12
Q
What does dose dependent mean
A
The higher dose given the worse the negative efects are
13
Q
What does contraindication mean
A
When/something that leads to not being able to use it
14
Q
What is the difference between oral and injectable preanesthetic drugs
A
The oral has a higher dose and longer DOA
15
Q
What is the definition of anesthesia
A
Loss of sensation
16
Q
What is anaglesthia
A
Pain management
17
Q
What is an antagonist
A
Reverses the designated preanesthetic drugs
18
Q
What is the duration of action
A
How long we see physical effects on the patient
19
Q
What is the onset of action
A
How long it takes for the drug to do its job this often relates to the route of administration
20
Q
About how much faster is the onset of action for IV preanesthetics compared to SQ
A
5-10 mins
21
Q
What is neurolep anaglesthia
A
Sedative/tranquilizer plus an opioid
22
Q
What is the ceiling effect
A
How much you can increase the dose of the drug before you see a loss in the benefit of the drug
23
Q
What is tiletamine in
A
Telazol it is mixed w/ zolazepam
24
Q
What is the onset of action for tiletamine
A
5 mins for IM
25
What is the DOA of tiletamine
30 mins in dogs and 1 hr in cats
26
What are the routes of administration available for tiletamine
IM and IV
27
What are the cardiovascular effects of tiletamine
Slight vasoconstriction
28
What are the respiratory effects of tiletamine
Apneustic breathing in cats that stops at inhalation
29
What is the action of metabolism and excretion for tiletamine
In dogs it is hepatic kidney and in cats renal only
30
Is there a reversal for tiletamine
Yes partial yohimbine
31
Does tiletamine have any analgesic effects
Yes somatic effect
32
What are contraindications of administering tiletamine
Seizure patients, head trauma, gluacoma, and renal disease
33
Is tiletamine controlled
Yes
34
What are other affects of tiletamine
CNS stimulant, muscle ridgity, exaggerated reflexes, increased salivation, and eye position central
35
What is the onset of action for ketamine
5 mins when given IM
36
What is the DOA of ketamine
30 mins in dogs and 1 hr in cats
37
What are the routes of administration possible for ketamine
IM and IV
38
What are the cardiovascular effects of ketamine
Slight vasoconstriction
39
What are the respiratory effects of ketamine
Apneustic breathing that stops w/ inhalation
40
What is the action of metabolism and excretion of ketamine
In dogs hepatic and kidney and in cats both renal
41
Is there a reversal of ketamine
Yes partial yohimbine
42
Does ketamine provide an analgesic effect
Yes somatic
43
Are there any contraindications for ketamine
Seizure patients, head trauma, glaucoma, and renal disease
44
Is ketamine controlled
Yes
45
What are other effects of ketamine
CNS stimulant such as amnesthia and elucogenic, muscle ridgity, exaggerated reflexes, increase salivation, and eye position central
46
What is the onset of action of propfol
Immediately
47
What is the duration of action of propfol
8 mins
48
What route can propfol be administered
IV
49
What are the cardiovascular effects of propfol
Dose dependent or fast given can bring hypotension and vasodilation
50
What are the respiratory effects of propfol
If given too fast apnea can occur
51
What is the action of metabolism and excretion of propfol
Metabolized via the liver and excreted via the kidneys
52
Is there a reversal for propfol and does it provide analgesia
No
53
What are contraindications of administering propfol
Hypoproteinemia will increase the potency
54
What can happen when propfol sits
Emulsion
55
Can you use a CRI for propfol
Yes
56
What type of propfol has a 28 day shelf life
Propfol 28
57
How long should it take to infuse propfol to the patient
60-90 secs
58
What other things can propfol cause
Tremurs/twitches, seizures, and heinz body anemia in cats
59
What routes can opioids be given
IV, IM, and SQ
60
What opioids cause more respiratory effects
Fent, hydro, oxy, and mostly morphine w/ increase doses
61
Is there a reversal for opioids
Naloxome/narcan
62
How are opioids divided
By the receptor agonist such as full MU agonist, partial MU agonist, and kappa agonist/MU antagonist
63
Which type of opioids are the best
Full MU agonist but they come w/ the most side effects
64
What partial MU agonsit do we use
Bupnenorphine
65
What kappa agonist/MU antagonist do we use
Butorphenol
66
What is the onset of action for bupnenorphine
30-45 mins
67
What is the onset of action of dexdomitor
10 mins w/ IM
68
What is the DOA of dexdomitor
About 3 hrs for sedative and 1 hr for anaglesthic
69
What routes can dexdomitor be administer
IV, IM, and SQ
70
What are the cardivascular effects of dexdomitor
Significant peripheral vasoconstriction, significant bardycardia, hypertension soon after administration, pale MM, prolonged CRT, weak pulses, and arrhthymias
71
At what HRs do we start worrying about patients when given dexdomitor
40 bpm w/ dogs and 90 bpm w/ cats
72
What are respiratory effects of dexdomitor
Dose dependent depression, bradapnic, and relaxation of inspiration and exhalation muscles
73
How is dexdomitor metabolized and excreted from the body
Metabolized by the river and excreted by the kidneys
74
Is there a reversal for dexdomitor
Yes antisedan/atipamezole
75
Does dexdomitor provide analgesic effects
Yes but not great for visceral
76
What is the contraindication for administering dexdomitor
Cardiac disease
77
What is the onset of action of midazolam
10 mins when given IM immediately when given IV
78
What is the DOA of midazolam
30-60 mins for dogs and 1-3 hrs for cats
79
Are there any cardiovascular or respiratory effects of midazolam
No
80
How is midazolam metabolized and excreted in the body
Metabolized via the liver and excretion via the kidneys
81
Is there a reversal for midazolam
Yes flumazenial
82
Does midazolam have any analgesic effects or intraindications
No
83
What are other effects of midazolam
Skeletal muscle relaxation and dose dependent disphoria
84
What are characteristics of midazolam
Soluble in plastic and light sensitive
85
What is the brand name of diazepam
Valium
86
What is the onset of action of diazepam
10 mins when given IM immediately when given IV
87
What is the DOA of diazepam
30-60 mins for dogs and 1-3 hrs for the cats
88
What is the route of administration for diazepam
IV because it is not water soluble so it needs a carrier propylene glycol
89
Are there any cardiovascular or respiratory effects of diazepam
No but clots can happen if it is slammed in upon administration
90
How is diazepam metabolized and excreted
It is metabolized in the liver and excreted via the kidney
91
Is there a reversal for diazepam
Yes flumazenial
92
Does diazepam have any analgesic effects or contraindications
No
93
What are other effects of diazepam
Skeletal muscle relaxation, can only be mixed w/ ketamine in the same syringe, and dose dependent disphoria
94
What are characeristics of diazepam
Water soluble, can be used to treat seizures, light sensitive, and soluble in plastic
95
What is the onset of action of glycopyrrolate
30-45 mins regardless of the route of administration
96
What is the DOA of glycopyrrolate
Up to 3 hrs
97
What are the routes glycopyrrolate can be administered
IV, IM, and SQ
98
What is the cardiovascular effect of glycopyrrolate
Prevents bradycardia by blocking the vegal stimulation
99
What is the respiratory effect of glycopyrrolate
Vasodilation of bronchi increasing anatomical dead space
100
How is glycopyrrolate metabolized and excreted
Metabolized via the liver and excreted via the kidney
101
Does glycopyrrolate provide anaglesic effects and is there a reversal
No
102
What are the contraindications of glycopyrrolate
GI isssues or surgerys and tachycardia or arrhythmias
103
What is a special characteristic of glycopyrrolate
It does not cross the blood brain barrier or the placental barrier
104
What are other effects of glycopyrrolate
Decreases salivation, decrease in gastric motility, and decrease tear formation/production
105
What is the onset of action of atropine
20 mins given SQ
106
What is the DOA of atropine
1-1.5 hrs
107
What are the routes of administration of atropine
IV, IM, and SQ
108
What are the cardiovascular effects of atropine
Prevent bradycardia by blocking vegal stimulation and transient tachycardia
109
What are the respiratory effects of atropine
Vasodilation of bronchi increasing anatomical dead space and increase vescosity of respiratory system
110
How is atropine metabolized and excreted
It is metabolized via liver and excreted via kidneys
111
Does atropine have a reversal or provide any anaglesic effects
No
112
What are the contraindications of giving atropine
GI issues or surgery and tachycardia or arrhythmias
113
What are other effects of atropine
Decreased salivation, decreased gastric motility, and decreased tear formation/production
114
What is the onset of action of acepromazine
10 mins given IM and 15-20 if given SQ
115
What is the DOA of acepromazine
3-6 hrs of sedation but has a dose dependent hangover
116
What are the routes of administration for acepromazine
OTM, PO, SQ, IM, and IV
117
What are the cardiovascular effects of acepromazine
Significant peripheal vasodilation, dose dependent hypotension, and slight tachycardia
118
Are there any respiratory effects of acepromazine
No
119
What are the methods of metabolism and excretion of acepromazine
Metabolized via the liver and excreted via kidneys
120
Is there a reversal for acepromazine or analgesic effects
No
121
What are the contraindications for acepromazine
Not healthy, under 3 mos, gieatric, liver dysfunction, seizure disorders, and hypotension/cardiac diseases
122
What are other effects of acepromazine
Muscle relaxation, antiemetic, antinistamine, antiarrhythmic, ceiling effect of 3 mgs, causes hypothermia, and decreases seizure threshold
