Anisakis

Question 1

Nematode parasite of

Answer 1

whales
dolphins
pospoises
walruses
seals
sea lions
other deepmarine mammals

Question 2

Infective species

Answer 2

• Anisakis simplex

• Pseudoterranova decipiens

Question 3

Related species

Answer 3

• Contracaecum sp

• Hysterothylacium sp

Question 4

Definitive Hosts

Answer 4

• Whales, dolphins, pospoises, walruses, seals, sea lions, and other deep-marine mammals

Question 5

Intermediate Host:

Answer 5

• Crustacean (L2 -> L3)

Question 6

Paratenic Hosts

Answer 6

• Squid, fish

Question 7

Accidental Host

Answer 7

• Humans

Question 8

Epidemiology

• Not a very common infection

• Reported all over the world, usually___ population

• Consumption of raw or inadequately cooked___

Answer 8

coastal

fish

Question 9

• Asia: common in

• Europe: common in

•___ & ____ America

Answer 9

Japan, Korea

Netherlands, France, Germany, Italy, Spain, UK

North and South

Question 10

Biology: Adult

• Embedded in ____of marine mammal host

Answer 10

gastric wall

Question 11

Biology: Ova

• Discharged_____ into the sea

Answer 11

unembryonated ova

Question 12

Biology: Larva

• First Stage Larva
• Developed inside the___

• Second Stage Larva

• Hatched from ova and release free-swimming L2
• Ingested by____

• Third Stage Larva
• Crustaceans:

• Harbored by____ hosts

Answer 12

ovum

crustaceans

L2 -> L3

paratenic

Question 13

Type of larva

• Long stomach

• Blunt tail with mucron

Answer 13

Type I Larvae

Question 14

Type of larva

• Shorter stomach

• Blunt tail

Answer 14

Type II Larvae

Question 15

Pathogenesis and Clinical Manifestations

• Larval infection in the stomach (do not grow into adults in humans)

• Eosinophilic gastroenteritis

• Eosinophilic granulomatous response in the intestine mimicking acute appendicitis

Answer 15

Anisakiasis/Anisakidosis

Question 16

Pathogenesis and Clinical Manifestations

• Oropharynx, esophagus, colon

• Tingling Throat Syndrome: larvae invade oropharynx

Answer 16

Ectopic Anisakidosis

Question 17

Diagnosis

• Definitive:

• Direct Visualization of Third Stage Larva through _____

Answer 17

• Upper Gastrointestinal Endoscopy

Question 18

Diagnosis

Serology:

Answer 18

ELISA

Question 19

Treatment

•_____ removal of larvae

•_____ for allergic reaction

• Possible drug:_____

Answer 19

Mechanical

Steroids

albendazole

Question 20

Prevention and Control

• Thorough cooking of food

• Blast freezing

• (-) 35C for____ hours
• (-)20C for__ days

• Raising awareness to producers and consumers

Answer 20

15 hrs

7 days

Question 21

Marine mammal definitive hosts ingest_____ paratenic hosts, and____ larvae develop into adults in the gastric mucosa.

Answer 21

fish/squid

L3

Question 22

Definitive hosts excrete_____ eggs in feces.

Answer 22

unembryonated

Question 23

Eggs become embryonated in____ and L3 larvae form in the eggs.

Answer 23

water

Question 24

L3 larvae hatch from eggs as ensheathed, free-swimming forms.

Free-swimminq larvae are ingested by______, and develop in the hemocoel.

Answer 24

crustaceans

Question 25

Infected crustaceans are eaten by________ paratenic hosts. L3 larvae released in digestion migrate to the mesentery and muscle tissues, and can be transferred to other paratenic hosts via predatoon

Answer 25

fish or cephalopod

Question 26

Transmission to____ via raw or undercooked seafood consumption.

Answer 26

humans

Question 27

Diagnosis of anisakiasis can be made by______ examination during which the larvae can be removed.

Answer 27

gastroscopic