Hookworms

Question 1

Hookworms

Morphology:

Male Worm:

8-11 mm long Posses a_______ which aids in the speciation of hookworms

Exhibits_____ pattern

Answer 1

bursa (bursa copulatrix)

dental

Question 2

expanded bulsa copulathrix

Answer 2

Necator americanus

Question 3

Hookworms

Morphology:

Female Worm:

10-13 mm long

Pointed tail Adults may live____ years

Rarely seen in the stool since firmly attached to the_____

Answer 3

2-14

mucosa

Question 4

Hookworms

Non-infective, feeding stage

Bulbuous esophagus

Long buccal cavity (approximately as long as the width of the body)

Inconspicuous genital primordium

Answer 4

Rhabditiform Larva:

Question 5

Hookworms

Infective, non-feeding stage 700 um long

Straight esophagus (1/4 of the length of the body)

Curved tail

Answer 5

Filariform Larva:

Question 6

Hookworm egg
TOCM

Answer 6

• Thin shelled

• Ovoidal

• Colorless

• “Morula ball”

Question 7

Hookworms

• Life Cycle:

Infective Stage

Definitive Host

Diagnostic Stage

Answer 7

• filariform larva
• humans
• eggs

Question 8

Strongyloides stercoralis

• Life Cycle:

Infective Stage

Definitive Host

Diagnostic Stage

Answer 8

L3

Humans/ monkey

L1

Question 9

Hookworms

• Diagnosis:

1. Demonstration of

2._____ is not seen in feces

(unless the specimen is left for 24 hours)

Answer 9

characteristic egg in the feces (2-8 cell stages)

Larva

Question 10

Hookworms

Diagnosis:

Should you recover the adult Hookworm, easier differentiation is done by observing the_______

Answer 10

buccal capsule

Question 11

– semi-lunar cutting plates

Answer 11

N. americanus

Question 12

– 2 pairs of ventral teeth

Answer 12

A. duodenale

Question 13

– 3 pairs of ventral teeth

Answer 13

A. caninum

Question 14

– 2 pairs of ventral teeth with outer bigger than the inner pair

Answer 14

A. ceylanicum

Question 15

– a pair of big teeth

Answer 15

A. braziliense

Question 16

Are hookworms STH?

Answer 16

Yes

Question 17

Hookworms

Commonly found in_______ countries

Answer 17

tropical and subtropical

Question 18

• Small, cylindrical, fusiform,(color),(eats) nematodes

• Attaching to the____ of the____

Answer 18

grayish-white

blood-sucking

mucosa

small intestine

Question 19

Which is bigger? Duodenale or americanus?

Answer 19

Ancylostoma duodenale

Question 20

Head is curved opposite to the curvature of the body

Answer 20

Nexator americanus

Question 21

Head is curved in the same direction as the curvature of the body

Answer 21

Ancylostoma duodenale

Question 22

Male hookworms

• Posterior end is equipped with expansion with rib-like rays for copulation called_____

Answer 22

caudal bursa

Question 23

Ancylostoma duodenale

•___ pairs of curved ventral teeth

•____ dorsal ray

•___ spicules

Answer 23

2

Tridigitate

2

Question 24

Ancylostoma duodenale

•___ pairs of curved ventral teeth

•_____ dorsal ray

•__ spicules

Answer 24

2

Tridigitate

2

Question 25

Ancylostoma duodenale •___ pairs of curved ventral teeth • ______dorsal ray •__ spicules

Answer 25

2 TRIDIGITATE 2

Question 26

Necator americanus • Ventral pair of_____ •_____ dorsal ray •___ spicules

Answer 26

semilunar cutting plates BIFID FUSED

Question 27

What form of larva is indistinguishable among hookworms???

Answer 27

Rhabditiform larva

Question 28

• Long buccal cavity, small genital primordium

Answer 28

Hookworm Rhabditiform

Question 29

• Short buccal cavity, prominent genital primordium

Answer 29

Strongyloides stercoralis Rhabditiform

Question 30

• Short esophagus • Pointed tail

Answer 30

Hookworms Filariform

Question 31

• Long esophagus • Notched tail

Answer 31

Strongyloides stercoralis Filariform

Question 32

• Difficult to distinguish the ___ of A duodenale vs N americanus

Answer 32

Ova

Question 33

Morphology you f hookworm egg

Answer 33

• Oval-round with thin, smooth and colorless albuminous (transparent) eggshell • Contains clear space between the eggshell and ovum

Question 34

Hookworm Ovum usually contains____ cells when passed with feces

Answer 34

2-8

Question 35

Heart lung migration?

Answer 35

YES

Question 36

Pathology of Hookworm Infection 1. Skin at the site of entry of the_____

Answer 36

filariform larvae

Question 37

Pathology of Hookworm Infection ____during larval migration

Answer 37

Lung

Question 38

Pathology of Hookworm Infection 3.______ as habitat of adult worm

Answer 38

Small intestine

Question 39

Ground itch or Dew itch • Related to contact with____, especially on a dewy morning •________ and localized_____ due to penetration of filariform larva • Lasting for____ weeks

Answer 39

soil Maculopapular lesions erythema 2

Question 40

Lungs • •_____&______ due to the abundant larvae migrating through the lungs • Minute hemorrhages with eosinophilic and leukocytic infiltration

Answer 40

Loeffler Syndrome Bronchitis and pneumonitis

Question 41

Small Intestine •______attaches the worm to the intestinal wall, saliva contains_____ which keeps the area bleeding • Microcytic, hypochromic anemia due to loss of____ •_____ due to loss of albumin • Abdominal pain, diarrhea, steatorrhea, exertional dyspnea, weakness, dizziness

Answer 41

Buccal capsule; anticoagulant iron Hypoalbuminemia

Question 42

Laboratory Diagnosis

Answer 42

• DFS, Kato-Katz technique • Concentration method • Culture method like HaradaMori • Others: PCR, ELISA

Question 43

Treatment Anti-helminthics • Drug of Choice: • Alternative:

Answer 43

Albendazole 400 mg single dose Mebendazole 500 mg single dose

Question 44

Other Pharmacologic Intervention

Answer 44

• Iron supplementation • Adequate diet to address hypoalbuminemia