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Parasitology Lec > Intro > Flashcards

Intro Flashcards

1
Q

: organisms living together

A

Symbionts

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2
Q

: association/relationship of two or more organisms living together of unlike organisms

A

Symbiosis

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3
Q

3 Major Symbiotic Relationships:

A

1) Mutualism

2) Commensalism

3) Parasitism

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4
Q

Biological relationship between two or more organisms when both the host and organism benefit from one another

A

Mutualism

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5
Q

Flagellates inside the digestive system of termites

A

Mutualism

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6
Q

The_____ inside the GIT of the termite digest the wood producing by-products that are digestible and readily assimilated by both the termite and the flagellates. In this case, both the organisms are mutually benefiting from each other.

A

flagellates

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7
Q

Lactobacilli in women’s urogenital tract

A

Mutualism

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8
Q

-one organism benefits but there is NO - beneficial or - harmful effect to the host

A

Commensalism

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9
Q

a protozoa that thrives in the human gut. It eats the bacteria and other artifacts in the human gut.

Nevertheless, it is neither harmful nor beneficial to the human host.

A

Entamoeba coli

Commensalism

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10
Q
  • One species (microbe) benefits at the expense atat the other
A

Parasitism

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11
Q

= living organism that takes nourishment and other needs through contact with another species

A

Parasite

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12
Q

= organism that supports parasite (nourishment) and later develops a disease

A

Host

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13
Q

derives nutrients from human host causing intestinal ulcers and dysentery

A

Entamoeba histolytica

Parasitism

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14
Q

Feeds on important items of intestine causing various illnesses

A

Ascaris lumbricoides

Parasitism

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15
Q

_____shaped ulcer typical of amoebic ulcer

A

flask

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16
Q

Study of parasites

A

Parasitology

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17
Q

Concerned with the phenomenon of dependence of one living organism on another

A

Parasitology

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18
Q

restricted to studying of humans, their geographic in or on the body caused by them, clinical distribution, the diseases response generated by humans picture, and the that affect humans either against them.

A

Medical parasitology or Human parasitology:

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19
Q

: parasitic infection is found in man alone (humans only)

A

Anthroponosis

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20
Q

: parasitic infections mainly affect man; animals become infected in life cycle of parasite line in taenia saginata or taenia solium)

A

Zooanthroponosis

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21
Q

: parasitic infection is mainly in
animal, may be acquired by man as in (echinococcus granulosus)

A

Anthropozonosis

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22
Q

Classification of parasites is based on

A

Location

Need of host

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23
Q

Location

A

Endoparasite
Ectoparasite

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24
Q

a parasitic organism that lives on the outer surface of its host

A

Ectoparasites

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25
Ectoparasites
lice (head & pubic), ticks, mites etc.
26
parasites that live inside the body of their host
Endoparasites
27
Endoparasites
E.g. Entamoeba histolytica and Ascaris lumbricoides
28
: presence of ectoparasites
Infestation
29
: presence of endoparasites
Infection
30
Completely dependent on the host during a segment or all of its life cycle
Obligate parasite
31
It cannot complete its life cycle without the host Ex: Plasmodium spp. - causes malaria; need ______ and _______to develop and reproduce
Obligate parasite mosquito and humans
32
Exhibits both parasitic and non-parasitic modes of living and hence does NOT absolutely depend on the parasitic way of life, but is capable of adapting to it if placed on a host
Facultative Parasite
33
Can develop inside or outside the host Ex: Strongyloides stercoralis
Facultative parasite
34
may exist in Free-living state or may become parasitic when the need arises
facultative parasite
35
Other types of parasites
Accidental Erratic Intermittent Permanent Spurious Pseudoparasite Hyperparasite
36
parasite attacks an unnatural host and survives but may or may not complete life cycle
Accidental/Incidental Parasite
37
establishes itself in a nost where it does not ordinarily live
Accidental parasites
38
: accidental parasite; (normally attacks canines)
"Echinococcus granulosus
39
Accidental host of Echinococcus granulosus
Humans
40
found not in its usual habitat parasite that wanders into an organ in which it is not usually found
Erratic or Aberrant Parasite
41
in humans = lives inside the small intestine but can crawl to the pancreatic duct causing pancreatitis
Ascaris lumbricoides Erratic
42
= usually thrives in the colon but may reach the liver or lungs causing amoebic liver abscess or amoebic lung abscess or empyema
Entamoeba histolytica Erratic
43
those that only visit the host from time to time for feeding
Intermittent or Temporary Parasites
44
Ex:/mosquito pregnant female mosquito will not forever attach and live on the human host, it just visits the host during feeding
Intermittent parasites
45
remains on the host for life Ex: Trypanosomes. Wuchereria,Filaria
Permanent Parasite
46
organisms that have been swallowed and passed through the alimentary tract (GIT) without causing any effect not cause disease medical disorders
Spurious or Coprozoic Parasite
47
Terms used to mean an artifact but mistaken as parasite (NOT a true parasite)
Pseudoparasite
48
o Parasite that parasitizes another parasite
Hyperparasite
49
Female ixodes angustus tick = parasite to humans; Male tick = hyperparasite as it parasitizes the female tick
Hyperparasite
50
TYPES OF HOSTS
Definitive Intermediate
51
a host that harbors a parasite in the adult stage or where the parasite undergoes a sexual reproduction
Definitive host
52
Definitive or intermediate - Ex. Humans in taeniasis
Definitive
53
harbors the Larval stages of the parasite or an asexual cycle of development takes place
Intermediate Host
54
Definitive or intermediate Ex. Pigs in T. solium, cattle in T. saginata
Intermediate
55
A_______ is one in which the parasite attains sexual maturity. In Taeniasis a human is considered as _______
definitive
56
An_____ host harbors the asexual or larval stage of the parasite. Pigs or cattle serve as intermediate hosts of Taenia spp.. while snails are hosts of Schistosoma spp
intermediate
57
Life cycle of Capillaria philippinensis Humans = Fish =
definitive hosts intermediate hosts
58
Life cycle of Taenia spp. Humans = Pigs & Cattle =
definitive hosts intermediate hosts
59
Life cycle of Malaria Humans = Mosquitoes =
intermediate hosts definitive hosts
60
in some cases, larval development is completed in TWO different intermediate hosts referred to as First Intermediate Host Second Intermediate Host
Intermediate Hosts
61
Is a hermaphrodite meaning the mature proglottid of the adult parasite contains both testes and ovaries. Sexual reproduction happens in the human body
Diphyllobothrium latum
62
Life cycle of Diphyllobothrium latum = definitive host = 1st intermediate host = 2nd intermediate host = paratenic host
Humans Copepod Small fish Big fish
63
a host that serves as a temporary refuge and vehicle for reaching an obligatory host, usually the definitive host
Paratenic Host
64
i.e. it is NOT necessary for the completion of the parasite's life cycle
Paratenic host
65
There is NO development of the parasite inside the________ Ex. Wild boar in Paragonimus westermani
paratenic host
66
a host that makes the parasite available for the transmission to another host and is usually not affected by the infection.
Reservoir Host
67
The unending source of parasite Ex.____ for Balantidium coli, Field____ for Paragonimus westermani,___ for Brugia malayi
Reservoir Host Pigs rats Cats
68
a host that is naturally infected with certain species of parasite. Ex. Canines in ______
Natural host Echinococcus granulosus
69
a host that is under normal circumstances not infected with the parasite Ex.______ in Echinococcus granulosus
Accidental Host Humans
70
Life cycle of Echinococcus granulosus = definitive host = accidental host = accidental parasite to human
Canine Human Echinococcus granulosus
71
Types of life cycle
Direct Indirect
72
Direct LC or
Monoxenous LC
73
Indirect LC or
Heteroxenous LC
74
parasite does NOT REQUIRE an intermediate host to complete its life cycle
Direct life cycle
75
parasite REQUIRES an intermediate host to complete its life cycle
Indirect life cycle
76
Ascaris lumbricoides Direct or Indirect LC
Direct
77
Dracunculus medinensis Direct or Indirect
Indirect

Parasitology Lec (31 decks)

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