Review Flashcards by Kyra Catedral

SUBPHYLUM SARCODINA

Acanthamoeba castellani
Endolimax nana
Entamoeba coli
Entamoeba dispar
Entamoeba gingivalis
Entamoeba histolytica
Iodamoeba butschlit
Naegleria fowleri

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

MASTIGOPHORA

Intestinal flagellates

Chilomastix mesnili
Dientamoeba fragilis
Giardia lamblia
Trichomonas hominis
Trichomonas tenax
Trichomonas vaginalis

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

MASTIGOPHORA
HEMOFLAGELLATES

Leishmania braziliensis
Leishmania donovani
Leishmania tropica
Trypanosoma brucei complex

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

PHYLUM CILIOPHORA

Balantidium coli

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

APICOMPLEXA

Babesia spp.
Cryptosporidium hominis
Cyclospora cayetanensis
Cystoisospora belli
Plasmodium spp.
Toxoplasma gondi

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

MICROSPORA

Encephalitozoon
Enterocytozcon
Pleistophora
Nosema
Brachiola
Vittaforma
Trachipleistophora

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Sarcodina
Amoeba

Na walay cystic stage

E gingivalis

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

All amoebas inhabit the intestine except

E gingivalis

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

All amoebas are commensals except

E histolytica

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

: morphologic conversion from the cyst to the trophozoite in the ileocecal area of the intestine

Excystation

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

: conversion of trophozoites to cysts when environment becomes unacceptable for continued trophozoite multiplication

Encystation

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

• Non-motile
• Non-feeding stage
• INFECTIVE STAGE

CYSTS

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

• Frequently found in formed stools
• May be studied in fresh condition by staining with D’ Antoni’s Iodine stain, but more satisfactory method is to stain permanent preparations with iron hematoxylin

Cysts

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

:
• Motile
• Feeding stage
• VEGETATIVE stage

TROPHOZOITES

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

• Found in diarrheal and liquid stools
• Ameba excreted as trophs cannot mature to cysts

Trophozoite

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

If the organism is genus______ (true ameba) peripheral chromatin (visible nuclear membrane in both trophozoite and cyst) and chromatoidal bodies in cysts only

Entamoeba

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

• If the organism is genus_____ or _____ (other ameba) - neither possesses peripheral chromatin nor chromatoidal bodies

Endolimax or Iodamoeba

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

: thin layer supporting the cell membrane that provides protection, flexibility, elasticity, and sometimes rigidity

Pellicle

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

: osmoregulatory organelles that imbibe fluid from the environment, and transport waste products from inside the cell to the outside

Contractile vacuoles

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

: aggregate of RNA in the cytoplasm found in cyst stage

Chromatoidal bodies

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

• Dividing stage

• Feeding stage

Trophozoite (Mature Stage)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

• Formed by excystation

• Isolated from watery stool

Troph

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

• Active and growing stage that absorbs nutrients from the host, or may be free-living

• Oval to irregular-shaped, motile, disease-causing stage

Troph

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

• Spherical-shaped, covered with thick, and tough cyst wall, with chromatoidal bar

• Infective stage, non-motile, nonfeeding

Cysts (Immature Stage)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

• Inactive stage that helps to survive in unfavorable environmental conditions, and resists desiccation

Cyst

Formed by encystation • Isolated from formed stool

Cyst

: one parasite divides either longitudinally or transversely into two daughter parasites

Simple binary fission

: one parasite undergoes multiple rounds of nuclear division without cytoplasmic division, followed by segmentation to form a large number of daughter cells

Multiple fission (schizogony)

• Vesicular nucleus • Varying numbers of chromatin granules adhering to nuclear membrane • Karyosome: centrally or near centrally located

Genus Entamoeba

• Unstained: progressive motility hyaline pseudopodia with ingested RBC no ingested bacteria nuclei not visible

Entamoeba histolytica

Stained: clear differentiation of ectoplasm and endoplasm, • Nucleus: Fine uniform granules of peripheral chromatin small central karyosome in nucleus with ingested RBC

E histolytica

• Unstained: sluggish non-directional motility short granular pseudopodia with ingested bacteria visible nucleus

Entamoeba coli

Stained: granular cytoplasm without much differentiation of ectoplasm and endoplasm bacteria in food vacuoles • Nucleus: irregular clumps of peripheral chromatin large, irregular eccentric karyosome

E coli

• Unstained: 1-4 nuclei, rodlike chromatoidal bars • Stained: 1-4 nuclei, • Nucleus: fine uniform peripheral chromatin, small central karyosome, chromatoidal bars with rounded or squared ends

Entamoeba histolytica

Unstained: 1-8 nuclei, glycogen mass surrounding nuclei (iodine stains) • Stained: 1-8 nuclei • Nucleus: irregular clumps of peripheral chromatin, large, irregular eccentric karyosome, splinter-shaped or irregular chromatoidal bodies

E coli

• Unstained: Not characteristic • Stained: Ovoid-shaped • Nucleus: with large karyosome, generally little to no peripheral chromatin

Endolimax nana

Unstained: Not characteristic Stained: Nucleus: large central karyosome surrounded by a ring of small chromatin granules

Iodamoeba butschlii

• Unstained: Ovoid-shaped Stained Nucleus: 4 nuclei with large karyosomes, little to no peripheral chromatin

Endolimax nana

Histolytica Differentiated through isoenzyme analysis

polymerase chain reaction (PCR restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) typing with monoclonal antibodies

Histolytica Infective stage: • Diagnostic stage:

quadrinucleated cyst trophozoite, cyst

Histolytica Transmission:

Ingestion, Sexual Direct colonic inoculation through contaminated enema equipment

Histolytica • Excystation: • Encystation:

Small intestine Large intestine

Histolytica Habitat:

Large intestine

Third most important parasitic disease (after malaria and schistosomiasis) • Second top cause of mortality among parasitic protozoans (after malaria)

Histolytica

Histolytica Multiple by

binary fission

Steps Involved in Amoebic Killing of Host Cells 1. Receptor-mediated adherence of amoebae to target cells • Mediated by amoebal galactose-inhibitable adherence_____ 2. Amoebic cytolysis of target cells • Pore-forming protein amoebapore, lipases,_______ • Activation of_____ resulting to apoptosis 3. Amoebic phagocytosis of killed target cells

lectin cysteine proteases caspase-3

• Gradual onset of abdominal pain and diarrhea with or without blood and mucus in the stool • Fever in 1/3 of patients • Some has diarrhea alternating with constipation • Fulminant case: severe bloody diarrhea, fever and abdominal pain

• Amoebic colitis

• 60% of fulminant cases may result to serious complications like intestinal perforation and secondary bacterial peritonitis

Amoebic colitis

• In less than 1% of intestinal infections • Chronic granulomatous lesion, presenting as mass-like lesion with abdominal pain and history of dysentery • Mistaken as cancer

Amoeboma

• Most common extra-intestinal amoebiasis • Acute (<2 weeks): Fever, right upper quadrant pain • Chronic (>2 weeks): significant weight loss • Anchovy sauce-like content of abscess

Amoebic Liver Abscess

Microscopic detection of trophozoites and cysts • Direct fecal smear with saline solution to observe characteristic motility • Stain with______ to differentiate amoeba from WBC; _______ to differentiate E. histolytica from other non-pathogenic amoeba

methylene blue iodine stain

Histolytica *fresh stool specimen should be examined within_____ minutes after defecation • Diagnostic:_____ with ingested RBC

30 Trophozite

• More sensitive than DFS for detection of cysts

Concentration Methods (Formalin Ether/Ethyl Acetate Concentration Test, Merthiolate Iodine Formalin Concentration Test)

• More sensitive than stool microscopy but not routinely available

Stool Culture using Robinson’s and Inoki medium

Detection of_____ in the serum • Key in the diagnosis of amoebic liver abscess

antibodies

Cure invasive disease at both intestinal and extraintestinal sites

Metronidazole

Histolytica Dispar Moshkovski Differentiated only by

PCR, ELISA, or isoenzyme analysis

• Cosmopolitan in distribution • More common than other human amoebae

Entamoeba coli

Entamoeba polecki Entamoeba chattoni • Parasite found in the intestines of (2) • Rarely affects humans

pigs and monkeys

Nucleus: large central pleomorphic karyosome with evenly distributed peripheral chromatin, or peripheral chromatin massed at one or both poles, inclusion masses, chromatoidal bars with angular or pointed ends

Entamoeba polecki Entamoeba chattoni

• Unstained: Not characteristic • Stained: Ovoid-shaped • Nucleus: with large karyosome, generally little to no peripheral chromatin Unstained: Ovoid-shaped • Stained: • Nucleus: 4 nuclei with large karyosomes, little to no peripheral chromatin

Endolimax nana

• Unstained: Not characteristic • Stained: • Nucleus: large central karyosome surrounded by a ring of small chromatin granules Unstained: large refractile body in cytoplasm, single nucleus • Stained: • Nucleus: large central karyosome surrounded by a ring of small chromatin granules

lodamoeba butschlii

Gingivalis Transmission

Transmission: kissing, droplet spray, sharing utensils

Primary meningi encephalitis

Naegleria

Secondary meningi encephalitis

Histolytica

Eosinophilic meningoencephalitis

Cantonensis

Review Flashcards

(66 cards)