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Parasitology Lec > Nematodes 1 > Flashcards

Nematodes 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

2 types of helminths

A

Nemathelminths
Platyhelminths

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2
Q

2 Platyhelminths

A

Trematodes
Cestodes

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3
Q

Common name:________
Elongated and cylindrical in shape, with bilateral symmetry
Non-segmented
Rounded anterior end; tapered posterior end

A

roundworm

Nematode

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4
Q

Color of nematodes

A

Light cream-white in color
Pinkish= well-nourished

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5
Q

Body wall of nematodes

A

Cuticle = outermost layer
Hypodermis
Somatic musculature = innermost layer

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6
Q

Covered by tough, elastic protective covering

Metabolically active and periodically undergoes molting

A

cuticle

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7
Q

4 LAYERS OF THE CUTICLE

A

Epicuticle
Exocuticle
Mesocuticle
Endocuticle

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8
Q

Epicuticle:
thin, protective barrier that contains______

A

glycocalyx

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9
Q

with obliquely oriented collagenous, fibrous sublayers that can shift angles of orientation, thus, providing flexibility to the cuticle

A

Mesocuticle

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10
Q

fibrous layer but orientation of fibers is indistinct

A

Endocuticle

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11
Q

Structure that separates the cuticle from the underlying hypodermis

A

Basal Lamina

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12
Q

Thin, cellular structure that secretes the cuticle
Gives rise to the entire layer of the cuticle

A

Hypodermis

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13
Q

Protrudes into the pseudocoelom (cavity; internal to the nematode) along the mid-dorsal, mid-ventral, and lateral lines

A

Hypodermis

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14
Q

Hypodermal chords

A

Lateral cords: excretory canal
Important in the excretion of metabolic products
Dorsal and ventral cords: longitudinal nerve trunks

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15
Q

One or more layers of longitudinally arranged muscle cells
Function: Probing and penetrating motion

A

somatic musculature

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16
Q

3 Types of somatic musculature

A

Polymyarian
Holomyarian
Meromyarian

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17
Q

= more than 5 groups of muscle
= 1-2 groups of muscle
= 2-5 groups of muscle

A

Polymyarian

Holomyarian

Meromyarian

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18
Q

Cavity that contains fluid called hemolymph which bathes the internal organs
Offers protection by acting as a cushion
Acts as a hydrostatic skeleton, providing support and rigidity

A

Pseudocoelom

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19
Q

T or F

Nematodes have a complete digestive tract?

A

Yuh

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20
Q

3 parts of GUT

A

Foregut
Midgut
Hindgut

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21
Q

Digestive tract of nematodes

A

Gut
Cloaca/ anus
Subterminal vent

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22
Q

Mouth
Nematodes have___ lips

Pharynx:______
Esophagus: may be equipped with muscular enlargement called_____ (most posterior portion of the foregut)

A

FOREGUT

3

triradiate (3 radiations)

bulbs

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23
Q

Intestine

A

MIDGUT

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24
Q

HINDGUT
Male:
Female:

A

cloaca

rectum → anus

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25
where the fecal material and the ejaculatory duct are contained in male
cloaca
26
2 major nerve centers
Circumesophageal commissure or nerve ring Rectal commissure
27
at the anterior portion Corresponds to the brain (CNS) of the nematode Ganglia from longitudinal nerves
Circumesophageal commissure or nerve ring
28
at the posterior end Ganglia from ventral longitudinal nerve
Rectal commissure
29
Receptors of the NS
1. Mechanoreceptors 2. Chemoreceptors
30
Receptor Located around the mouth
Mechanoreceptor
31
Types of mechanoreceptors lips surrounding the mouth behind the lips
Labial papilla: Cephalic papilla:
32
2 types of chemoreceptors anteriorly located posteriorly located
Amphids: Phasmids:
33
Class of nematode containing sensory organs at the anterior end
APHASMIDS Aphasmidea
34
Ex of aphasmids
Trichinella spiralis Trichuris trichiura Capillaria philippinensis
35
Class of nematode containing sensory organs at the caudal end
PHASMIDS Phasmidea
36
Ex of phasmids
Hookworms Ascaris lumbricoides Strongyloides stercoralis Enterobius vermicularis Filarial worms
37
T or F Nematodes are dioecious
TRUE!
38
: even in the absence of a male, a female adult nematode can procreate (asexual reproduction)
parthenogenetic
39
Sexes are separate There are male and female
Dioecious
40
______are curved posteriorly ______are flat posteriorly
Males Females
41
MALE REPRODUCTIVE ORGAN _____tubule ______testes its smaller end Extends into a vas deferens and seminal vesicle Terminates in an ejaculatory duct opening into the cloaca (combination of hindgut/posterior portion of GIT and ejaculatory duct)
Single One or two
42
: guides the spicules when extended
Gubernaculum
43
Penis of male nematodes
Spicule
44
T or F Sperm has a flagella or acrosomes (mmotile)
FALSE!!! Sperm has no flagella or acrosomes (immotile)
45
T or F FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE ORGAN Usually, didelphic (has left & right ovaries) Two cylindrical ovaries which expand into uteri
TRUEE
46
Female reproductive organ ______unite to form a common vagina Single______ or vulva
Uteri gonophore
47
Opening of the reproductive organ to the exterior Frequently located near the middle of the body Varies in position between species
Single gonophore or vulva
48
: being fertilized in the spermatheca = area where fertilization occurs
Oogonia Spermatheca
49
Basic component of the excretory system Large unicellular gland that empties through an excretory pore
Renettes
50
Stages of nematodes
Adult: diagnostic stage Ova: infective stage Larva: infective stage
51
Modes of transmission IISMIA
Ingestion of embryonated eggs Ingestion of infective larvae Skin penetration Mosquito borne Inhalation Autoinfection
52
Ex Ingestion of embryonated egg
Ascaris lumbricoides Trichuris trichiura Enterobius vermicularis
53
Ex Ingestion of infective larvae
Capillaria philippinensis Trichinella spiralis Parastrongylus cantonensis
54
Ex Skin Penetration
Hookworms Strongyloides stercoralis
55
Ex Mosquito-borne
Wuchereria bancrofti Brugia malayi
56
Ex Inhalation
Enterobius vermicularis Ascaris lumbricoides
57
Ex Autoinfection
Capillaria philippinesis Strongyloides stercoralis Enterobius vermicularis
58
: most of the nematodes Produce egg, and the young hatches after being expelled from the body Most common form in terms of production
Oviparous
59
Brings forth live young that have developed inside the body of the adult female nematode
Viviparous
60
Development of a female (rarely a male) gamete (sex cell) without fertilization Asexual reproduction
Parthenogenetic
61
Ex Small Intestine CHATS
Capillaria philippinensis Hookworms Ascaris lumbricoides Trichinella spiralis Strongyloides stercoralis
62
Large Intestine (Colon) ET
Enterobius vermicularis (pruritus ani) Trichuris trichiura (rectal prolapse)
63
Tissue FT GD
Filarial worms Trichinella spiralis Gnathostoma spinigerum Dirofilaria immitis
64
Larva Migrans in Man DAAA
Dracunculus medinensis Angiostrongylus cantonensis Ancylostoma caninum Ancylostoma brazilense
65
Larval stages preceding each molt of the 4 molts in the life cycle are generally referred to as
L1, L2, L3, L4
66
MOLTING FLRE
Formation of new cuticle Loosening of the old cuticle Rupturing of the old cuticle Escape of the larva
67
: control the sequence of events of molting Patients in steroids are prone to hyperinfection or hyperparasitism since steroids promote the molting of the larva
Exsheathing fluid
68
First stage larva of Strongyloides stercoralis and hookworms Esophagus has terminal esophageal bulb
Rhabditiform Larva
69
L3 of Strongyloides stercoralis and hookworms Long esophagus, no terminal bulb Usually, infective stage to the definitive host
Filariform Larva
70
Prelarval form of filarial worms
Microfilaria
71
Stages of larva
Rhabditiform Filariform Mrcrofilaria
72
Developmental arrest Lag phase at some stage of development - life cycle is temporarily arrested Adaptation to withstand adverse environmental conditions while waiting for the host
Hypobiosis
73
APHASMID (anterior) (CaTT)
Capillaria philippinensis Trichinella spiralis Trichuris trichiura

Parasitology Lec (31 decks)

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